Polyomavirus, discovered by Ludwik Gross as a contaminant in a murine leukemia virus preparation in the early 1950s, was termed polyomavirus by Sarah Stewart and Bernice Eddy because of its ability to elicit multiple different types of tumors in mice. By 1960, culture conditions for growing polyomavirus in vitro had been developed, and its ability to "transform" cells in culture had been establ...

M. Artuso, C. Boulahouache, S. Blusk, K. Bukin, E. Dambasuren, R. Mountain, H. Muramatsu, R. Nandakumar, T. Skwarnicki, S. Stone, J. C. Wang, A. H. Mahmood, S. E. Csorna, I. Danko, G. Bonvicini, D. Cinabro, M. Dubrovin, S. McGee, A. Bornheim, E. Lipeles, S. P. Pappas, A. Shapiro, W. M. Sun, A. J. Weinstein, R. A. Briere, G. P. Chen, T. Ferguson, G. Tatishvili, H. Vogel, N. E. Adam, J. P. Alexan...

1294 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 44, NUMBER 10 T o the question often posed to Andrew Wiles in interviews— namely, what fascinated him so greatly in the Fermat conjecture—he seldom refrained from answering by emphasizing the long history of this problem. When I asked him the same question in Boston in 1995, he answered, “Because of its romantic history.” When I then went further and asked him to ...

In medicine, it is said that if a disease has many purported treatments, it generally means that there is no clear cure or ideal form of therapy. With regard to the disease primary hypertension—one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally—an analogous statement can be made regarding its cellular pathophysiology: where many known pathophysiological defects are des...

Carbohydrate-containing components of the cell surface have been implicated in many important biological functions, including cell-cell interactions, receptors for some hormones and viruses and immunological specificity (Kraemer, 1971). Further, studies on normal cells and their virally-transformed derivatives have shown some alterations in plasma-membrane glycoproteins (Warren et al., 1973) an...

In the cohomology ring of an extraspecial p-group, the subring generated by Chern classes and transfers is studied. This subring is strictly larger than the Chern subring, but still not the whole cohomology ring, even modulo nilradical. A formula is obtained relating Chern classes to transfers. Introduction Methods to determine the cohomology ring of a finite group almost always presuppose that...

B. Aubert, R. Barate, D. Boutigny, F. Couderc, Y. Karyotakis, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, A. Zghiche, E. Grauges-Pous, A. Palano, A. Pompili, J. C. Chen, N. D. Qi, G. Rong, P. Wang, Y. S. Zhu, G. Eigen, I. Ofte, B. Stugu, G. S. Abrams, A. W. Borgland, A. B. Breon, D. N. Brown, J. Button-Shafer, R. N. Cahn, E. Charles, C. T. Day, M. S. Gill, A. V. Gritsan, Y. Groysman, R. G. Jacobsen, ...

Species range limits involve many aspects of evolution and ecology, from species distribution and abundance to the evolution of niches. Theory suggests myriad processes by which range limits arise, including competitive exclusion, Allee effects, and gene swamping; however, most models remain empirically untested. Range limits are correlated with a number of abiotic and biotic factors, but furth...

B. Aubert, R. Barate, D. Boutigny, F. Couderc, Y. Karyotakis, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, A. Zghiche, E. Grauges-Pous, A. Palano, A. Pompili, J. C. Chen, N. D. Qi, G. Rong, P. Wang, Y. S. Zhu, G. Eigen, I. Ofte, B. Stugu, G. S. Abrams, A. W. Borgland, A. B. Breon, D. N. Brown, J. Button-Shafer, R. N. Cahn, E. Charles, C. T. Day, M. S. Gill, A. V. Gritsan, Y. Groysman, R. G. Jacobsen, ...