Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. The occurrence of stroke is strongly dependent on well-known vascular risk factors. After rapid modernization, urbanization, and mechanization, East Asian countries have experienced growth in their aged populations, as well as changes in lifestyle and diet. This phenomenon has increased the prevalence of vascular risk factors...

abstract production is a process by which a productive activity will require some conditions (before and after the start of the production). one of the most important pre-required factors for start up a production unit is suitable business environment. one of the most important factors that must be provided after the start of production -during the production process and the time to market and ...

Countries in East Asia—specifically China, Japan, and South Korea—are rapidly emerging as major contributors to global research output. However, owing to barriers in language and culture, it is possible that authors from these countries face unique challenges in getting published. Moreover, as submissions from these countries increase, journal editors may be able to spot some trends in the prob...

â â â  â â  abstract â  the importance of community's health followed by the consideration of endogenous growth models has led to an increase in health expenditure of countries to speed up economic growth and development. this has made the efficiency of health production function to an essential issue especially in developing countries. based upon this, the present study with employing the...

In this paper uses Kaname Akamatsu's 'Flying Geese' model to analyse Japan's role in East Asian integration. Japan made the first attempt to lead Asian countries before the Second World War. At that time, the Japanese Government embarked on a brutally expansionist policy the result of which was creation of the first gaggle of 'flying geese' under the name of the 'Greater East Asia CoProsperity ...

This paper investigates whether aid flows to developing countries fit well with their development priorities. In particular, we examine aid allocation across sectors in a given recipient country by using sectoral data on aid and indicators that measure the recipient’s need for aid in each sector. The data show that inter-recipient aid allocation reflects the recipient’s need. However, we found ...

This paper tests the implication of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem that capital-poor individuals prefer more trade openness in poor (capital-scarce) countries and less trade in rich (labor-scarce) countries, by using a broad panel of countries and new exogenous determinants of trade openness. According to the seminal work in Mayer (1984), capital-poor individuals prefer more trade openness in po...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The paper evaluates the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFT...

This paper investigates the shortand long-run relationship between domestic wealth, capital stock and the net foreign asset position of industrialised and developing countries. Using cointegration techniques, a link between output per capita, the stock of public debt and age distribution on saving, investment and hence, the net external wealth of countries is established. Public debt, GDP per c...