A variety of user-friendly spreadsheet templates have been developed for geoscience studies. However, the use of the built-in matrix functions within spreadsheet programs, such as Excel, is not particularly straightforward, lowering the value of spreadsheet programs for matrix-based computations, such as multiple regression analyses. Therefore, this study first developed two applications for Ex...

The Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) is an open standard, which is universally used for early warning systems and other emergency information systems. Future early warning systems will also disseminate CAP warning messages to location aware Internet devices, such as notebooks, Internet phones or Internet-enabled television sets. These Internet devices have the option to acquire their current loca...

In the aftermath of earthquakes, tsunamis, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami, caused enormous damage around the world. With the extreme disaster events of the past, nations improved disaster preparedness and response through sensors and tsunami early warning systems. Even with system usage, however, governments still need to warn the targeted citizens – who may be anywhere within the vu...

Tsunami early detection and warning systems have proved to be of ultimate importance, especially after the destructive tsunami that hit Japan in March 2012. Such systems are crucial to inform the authorities of any risk of a tsunami and of the degree of its danger in order to make the right decision and notify the public of the actions they need to take to save their lives. The purpose of this ...

Countries have long been concerned about the huge impacts that natural disasters have on society in developed and especially in developing countries. Unfortunately, societies have not adapted their frameworks of development to the natural environment surrounding them and the losses and costs associated with disasters of natural origin. On the contrary societal catastrophes are growing by the de...

Early warning scores are frequently used in UK adult emergency departments (EDs) and are gaining traction in paediatric emergency care. Like many innovations with inherent face validity, they have great appeal to clinicians, managers and commissioners. However, it is important to ensure unintended consequences and balancing measures are mitigated. We review the background to their development a...