A recent study found that an agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) method yielded two distinct major bands corresponding to the hepatic and bone ALP isoenzymes (ALP2 ALP3, respec-tively) in bovine serum treated with protease neuraminidase (PN-treatment), although there were concerns intestinal isoenzyme (ALP5) often overlapped ALP3 human neuraminidase. Because ALP5 was separated from alone (P-treat...

An adequate and clean artificial insemination (AI) technique is recommended to improve reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using protective plastic sheaths (PS) to minimize contamination of the AI catheter (AIC) on pregnancies per AI (PAI) in lactating dairy cattle. Lactating cows housed in freestall barns on a commercial dairy...

One of the primary objectives of dairy producers is to promote dry matter intake (DMI) to support milk production. Considerable research to date has focused on improving the DMI of lactating dairy cows by changing the nutrient composition of feeds. However, the DMI of group-housed lactating dairy cows is also affected by feeding behavior, which is modulated by the environment, management, healt...

Objectives were to evaluate effects of feeding a calcium salt rich in linoleic and trans-octadecenoic acids (LTFA) on synthesis of prostaglandin F(2alpha) based on its metabolite (PGFM), uterine involution and pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows. Five hundred and eleven Holstein cows were blocked according to parity, body condition score and milk yield in the previous lactation. Primiparous...

In 1996, data on management practices used on US dairy operations were collected and analyzed for association with fecal shedding of Salmonella by dairy cows. A total of 4299 fecal samples from 91 herds was cultured for Salmonella isolation. Herd-size (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.1, 31.3), region (OR = 5.7, CI 1.4, 23.5), use of flush water systems (OR = 3.5, CI 0.9, 14.7), and fe...

The dairy industry in North America has changed dramatically with a trend in direction of larger herds and higher production per cow, which seems to be associated with a decrease in fertility, especially a decrease in conception rates and extension of calving intervals (Butler, 2000; Lucy, 2001; Stevenson, 2001) This decline in fertility of lactating dairy cows is observed not only in North Ame...

This experiment was performed to investigate whether feeding xylose-treated soybean meal (XSBM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) is economically better under field conditions. Ninety-four multiparous early lactating Holstein cows (55±5 days in milk and 2.82±0.41 body condition score) were used in a completely randomized design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: XSBM or CGM as the m...

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of category (heifers, primiparous or multiparous cows) on pregnancy rates in a large scale resynchronization ovulation program. Nelore heifers (n = 903), primiparous lactating cows (n = 338) and multiparous lactating cows (n = 1,223) were synchronized using a conventional protocol of estradiol/P4-based fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI)....