In recent years, huge advances have taken place in understanding of inner ear pathophysiology causing sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Advances in understanding comprise biochemical and physiological research of stimulus perception and conduction, inner ear homeostasis, and hereditary diseases with underlying genetics. This review describes and tabulates the various causes of ...

Bilateral middle ear congenital cholesteatoma (CC) is an extremely rare disease. Middle ear CC grows from birth behind the intact ear drum, with no symptoms. Usually, it is detected by the pediatrician at the time of a routine visit. Undetected, it may grow for years until becoming quite large. Etiology of middle ear CC is still controversial, but it seems that an embryologic origin is the most...

To determine whether platelets contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, we compared the severity of atherosclerosis in susceptible C57BL/6 mice carrying either a normal or a variant phenotype for platelet function. Five genetically distinct mutants with increased bleeding times and abnormal dense granules were used: maroon (ru-2mr), light ear (le), ruby eye (ru), beige (bg1), and pale ...

otosclerosis is an otic capsule disorder that leads to progressive conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss due to stapes footplate fixation and cochlear bone involvement. the disorder is bilateral in 70% of patients and it usually starts between the third and fifth decade. one of its characteristic clinical findings is schwartze sign which refers to a reddish discoloration over the promont...

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common clinical condition resulting from dysfunction in one or more parts in the auditory pathway between the inner ear and auditory cortex. Despite the prevalence of SNHL, little is known about its etiopathology, although several mechanisms have been postulated including ischemia, viral infection or reactivation, and microtrauma. Immune-mediated inner ear...

Contagious agalactia is an infectious syndrome of sheep that is characterized by mastitis with reduction of milk production, arthritis, abortion, and keratoconjunctivitis. The disease is rapidly spread by the contact of the infected animals with the healthy ones. Domestic sheep and goats of both sexes can be infected at an equivalent frequency. Most of the researchers use culture and molecular ...

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear cleft, acute or chronic, with collection of fluid in the middle ear with an intact tympanic membrane. It is a very common disease in childhood, the most frequent cause of hearing loss in childhood and often requiring surgery. OME is called chronic when the fluid in the middle ear persists for more than three months ...

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common causes of hearing loss (HL) in children. It has been reported that several factors such as eustachian tube dysfunction, insufficiencies in the aeration of the mastoid cells, allergies, immunity, and infections play an important role in the etiology of the disease. Little is known about the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in extr...

introduction: since middle ear surgery may lead to sensory neural hearing impairments, this study was carried out to evaluate the sensory neural hearing level after middle ear surgeries in kashani’s educational and therapeutic center, affiliated by isfahan university of medical sciences during 2002-4. materials and methods: this study was designed as a clinical trial. 90 cases with chronic otit...