Glucocorticoid hormones alter transcription of specific genes. Glucocorticoid-stimulated genes have been especially useful in unraveling molecular events responsible for positive gene regulation in mammals. The gene encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is under feedback inhibition by glucocorticoids, provides a model system to study negative gene regulation. Using an episomal bovine papil...

The fine structure of cutaneous papilloma in the dog was studied in two biopsy specimens fixed in formalin, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and processed through the Epon embedding technic. The most prominent changes were found in the nuclei of epidermal cells, especially in the granular layer of neoplastic fronds. The affected nuclei contained inclusion bodies in various stages of morphologic d...

The fine structure of the human wart virus is compared with that of the Shope rabbit papilloma virus. The distribu tion of the viral antigens within the human wart, as determined by immunofluorescence, is described and compared with the distribution of the viral antigens in the rabbit papilloma. The distribution of viral particles in the two lesions, as determined by electron microscopy, is als...

A case of laryngeal squamous papilloma in the early stages of development showed histological features suggestive of virus infection. Five years later positive evidence of HPV-6 infection was obtained at a time when the lesion had developed into a squamous cell carcinoma. It is concluded that this case represents a complete example of the virus to papilloma to carcinoma sequence, and as far as ...

Squamous papilloma involving the middle ear as a primary lesion is an extremely rare occurrence. The aims of the present study were to investigate the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in primary middle ear squamous papilloma and to describe the clinical and pathological features of the disease along with therapeutic strategies. A retrospective revi...

A reduced incidence and decreased clinical progression of uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been observed in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treated with HIV-protease inhibitors (PIs). The HIV-PIs saquinavir (SQV) and ritonavir (RTV) have been demonstrated to efficiently inhibit invasion of human primary CIN cells by downregulating the expression of mat...

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk DNA tumour virus which is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer. Cell transformation arises from deregulated expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. E6 has been shown to bind a number of cellular proteins, including p53 and proteins containing a PDZ domain. This study reports the first RNA aptamers to E6. These have been employed as molecul...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) and EBNA3A are each essential for EBV conversion of primary human B lymphocytes into continuously proliferating lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs) and for maintaining LCL growth. We now find that EBNA3C and EBNA3A’s essential roles are to repress p16 and p14. In the absence of EBNA3C or EBNA3A, p16 and p14 expression increased and cell growth ceas...

Epidemiological studies have shown that the use of barrier methods of contraception is associated with a decreased incidence of papilloma virus infection and reduced risk of having a child with retinoblastoma. Thirty-nine primary retinoblastomas were analyzed for the presence of papilloma virus sequences. Tumor tissue sections were also used to assess the expression of the retinoblastoma protei...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection and its integration in host genome is a key event in malignant transformation of cervical cells. HPV16 being a dominant HR-HPV type, we undertook this study to analyze if viral load and physical state of the virus correlated with each other in the absence of other confounding variables and examined their potential as pre...