How does the imperfect recognizability of commodity money a¤ect its production, terms of trade, and circulation? This paper develops a model where coins of di¤erent intrinsic values are minted to be used as a medium of exchange, and are subject to a private information problem. Our model o¤ers a new perspective over existing analyses by allowing owners of coins to signal the quality of their as...

This paper studies the long run welfare costs of inflation in a micro-founded model with trading frictions and costly liquidity management. Agents face uninsurable idiosyncratic uncertainty regarding trading opportunities in a decentralized goods market and must pay a fixed cost to re-balance their liquidity holdings in a centralized liquidity market. By endogenizing the participation decision ...

Product development (PD) and engineering design processes are often characterized by the information flowing among activities. In PD, this flow forms a complex activity web—a process that can be viewed as a complex system. Most literature on the subject of information flow in PD focuses on a single project, where precedence information constraints (based solely on necessary information and poss...

High-Density Oligonucleotide SNP Arrays Rameen Beroukhim, Ming Lin, Yuhyun Park, Ke Hao, Xiaojun Zhao, Levi A. Garraway, Edward A. Fox, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Matthias D. Hofer, Aurelien Descazeaud, Mark A. Rubin, Matthew Meyerson, Wing Hung Wong, William R. Sellers, Cheng Li doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020041 In PLoS Computational Biology, volume 2, issue 5: In the subsection ...

Various environmental oxidative stresses are sensed by redox-sensitive regulators through cysteine thiol oxidation or modification. A few zinc-containing anti-sigma (ZAS) factors in actinomycetes have been reported to respond sensitively to thiol oxidation, among which RsrA from Streptomyces coelicolor is best characterized. It forms disulfide bonds upon oxidation and releases bound SigR to act...

Previously, we found that MRFs (myogenic regulatory factors) regulated the expression of PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha) by targeting a short region, from nt -49 to +2 adjacent to the transcription initiation site, that contained two E-boxes. However, only the E2-box had significant affinity for MRFs, and the E1-box was predicted to be the targe...

We explore substitution patterns across advertising platforms. Using data on the advertising prices paid by lawyers for 139 Google search terms in 195 locations, we exploit a natural experiment in ―ambulance-chaser‖ regulations across states. When lawyers cannot contact clients by mail, advertising prices per click for search engine advertisements are 5-7% higher. Therefore, online advertising ...

This paper studies the existence of single-price price equilibrium from a given initial distribution of money holdings in a search-theoretic model of money where agents have no time preference. The model is similar to recent models (Green and Zhou [2] and Zhou [5]) of search economies with no constraints on money inventories, except that here money is modeled as indivisible and traders are assu...

Cell proliferation and apoptosis are essential for development of the nervous system. In this study we have investigated the histogenesis of the cerebellar cortex in guinea pig (a precocial species) and rabbit (an altricial species) at different stages of pregnancy and postnatal life. Proliferating cells were identified after labeling with antibodies against the proliferating cell nuclear antig...