In transport logistics, routing is usually done by a central instance that is solving the optimization problem of finding the best solution to cover the current set of orders with the current set of vehicles under constraints such as punctuality, vehicle utilization etc. Approaches have been suggested recently which change this paradigm towards a distributed approach with autonomous entities de...

Dynamism was originally defined as the proportion of online versus offline orders in the literature on dynamic logistics. Such a definition however, loses meaning when considering purely dynamic problems where all customer requests arrive dynamically. Existing measures of dynamism are limited to either (1) measuring the proportion of online versus offline orders or (2) measuring urgency, a conc...

The ever severe dynamic competitive environment has led to increasing complexity of strategic decision making in giant organizations. Strategy formulation is one of basic processes in achieving long range goals. Since, in ordinary methods considering all factors and their significance in accomplishing individual goals are almost impossible. Here, a new approach based on clustering method is pro...

In the Universal Traffic Management Systems (UTMS) now being studied and developed in Japan, the infrared beacon (referred to as IR beacon from now on) is used for realizing the Dynamic Route Guidance System (DRGS) in real world. In DRGS, the IR beacon receives an optional destination information a driver specified, and immediately sends back to the vehicle the dynamic route guidance informatio...

Due to population growth in urban areas, especially in the capital cities in developing countries, the use of private vehicles are increasing, leading to many problems such as congestion, pollution, noise, long travel time, high travel cost and more side effects. In such circumstances government policy would encourage people to use public transportation. In the meantime, employing the Intellige...

These days, due to the heavy traffic, it is very difficult for drivers in big cities to find an easy and efficient route to a selected destination. Thus, route guidance has become a very important problem for drivers. As a result, car navigation systems are commonly installed in new vehicles. These systems are capable of performing some of the tasks traditionally performed by driver, such as re...

Given an orthogonal polygon P with n vertices, the goal of the watchman route problem is finding a path S of the minimum length in P such that every point of the polygon P is visible from at least one of the point of S. In the other words, in the watchman route problem we must compute a shortest watchman route inside a simple polygon of n vertices such that all the points interior to the polygo...