high-cholesterol diet can be the fast track to a heart attack. But scientists are only now discovering that one of cholesterol’s most damaging effects might stem from its ability to make blood cells self-destruct. The findings appear in a pair of recent studies directed by Ira Tabas (Columbia University, New York, NY). Cholesterol is abundant in atherosclerotic lesions, which become most danger...

The diarrhoeal disease scenario Diarrhoeal disease has long been recognized as the greatest killer of infants and young children in the developing world Well over 500 million ep&odes of diarrhoea in children under five are estimated to occur annually in Asia, Africa and Latin America. At least five million children die. Diarrhoeal disease is a major contriiutory factor to malnutrition. Recurren...

We develop a formalism of multicomponent BKP hierarchies using elementary geometry of spinors. The multicomponent KP and the modified KP hierarchy (hence all their reductions like KdV, NLS, AKNS or DS) are reductions of the multicomponent BKP.

An influential literature has emerged around the premise that there exists an uneasy tension between (1) bank-firm relationships that promote incentives for firm—specific investments by banks, and (2) competition between banks that can destroy such incentives. This paper studies the industrial organization of the investment banking market in order to shed light on how this tension may be resolv...

Determinants of species diversity in microbial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Bacteriophages are believed to increase the diversity by the virtue of Kill-the-Winner infection bias preventing the fastest growing organism from taking over the community. Phage-bacterial ecosystems are traditionally described in terms of the static equilibrium state of Lotka-Volterra equations in which bacter...

COUNTERFOG® has been proposed as a rapid decontamination and disinfection technology that uses dynamic submicrometric-disinfecting fog cones. When projected onto surfaces, they create micrometre-thick film of disinfectant minimizing the use liquids impact on environment. The extremely thin is intended to be enough cover kill microorganisms simultaneously evaporate in few minutes—depending envir...

Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. These strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. However, the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated...