We present a comprehensive study of pattern formation in single-field relaxational systems with field-dependent coefficients. A modulated mean-field theory leads to a form amenable to analysis via the geometric architecture developed in our earlier work for systems that exhibit phase transitions between global steady states [Phys. Rev. E 69, 011102 (2004)]. We demonstrate that the phase diagram...

This article deconstructs the conceptual framework of social theorist Salman Sayyid by critically examining his work on political and hegemony in relation to thought post-Marxist philosopher Ernesto Laclau. elaborates a theory that necessitates communal break with existing society, move very similar Laclau more generally. In analyzing Sayyid’s theories caliphate Laclau’s conception hegemonic st...

Robat, along with educational institutions, helped to spread scientific and religious life in Baghdad. Ribat Sheikh Al-shuyukh was one of the Robat which served scholars Sufis students science since its establishment 450H./1058AD. Until Mongols entered Baghdad year 656H./1258AD. Al- shuyukh received official sponsorship from Caliphate Foundation, Seljuk state represented by minister Nizam al-Mu...

India shares excellent historical, cultural, and diplomatic contacts with the Ottomans. India’s connections Ottoman Empire could be traced at least from capture of Istanbul in 1453. The Sultans functioned as Caliph for nearly 80 million Mohammedans during 19th century, revered their control over holy places such Jerusalem, Mecca, Medina. Mohammedan society within heavily sympathized Turkiye’s c...

people's allegiance to imam ali (as) is one of the interesting scenes of history which has had a critical role in political life of islam. people's enthusiasm for allegiance to imam ali (as) and also, supporting of imam's companions had prepared everything for a public allegiance. but contrary to expectation, imam ali (as) in a speech refused to accept the caliphate. this speech ...

There has been much speculation as to the type of calendar that was used by pre-Islamic Arabs and early Muslim community. The Hijr? is said have adopted ‘Umar b. al-Kha???b during his Caliphate despite evidence suggesting it instituted soon Prophet emigrated Mad?nah. In this paper, we argue a number competing Arabian calendars existed up until 17 AH/AD 638, after which definitive Muslims. We pr...