In this work, we address the problem of verifying a Timed Automaton for a real-time property written in Duration Calculus in the form of Linear Duration Invariants. We present a conservative method for solving the problem using the linear programming techniques. First, we provide a procedure to translate Timed Automata to a sort of regular expressions for timed languages. Then, we extend the li...

We investigate four-wave mixing in hydrogen gas using a gas cell and a hollow fiber for the generation of high-energy, multicolor femtosecond (fs) optical pulses. Both a hydrogen-filled gas cell and hollow fiber lead to the generation of multicolor fs pulses in a broad spectral range from the deep ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, there is a difference in the energy distribution of the...

Many extensions of Duration Calculus (DC) have been proposed for handling different aspects of real-time systems. For each extension several different semantics are defined for different time structures which are suitable for different applications and achieve low complexity for the decidability of some properties. Hence, different proof systems have to be developed for reasoning in different c...

The paper presents a model of Biphase Mark Protocols (BMP) using Duration Calculus, which seems to be more general and more intuitive than the others in the literature [10]. With Duration Calculus we can model the behaviour of the bus in a natural way and in more detail. The model makes it possible to specify and verify BMP using PVS/DC− [9] tool. The mechanical verification not only ensures th...

We derive a simple expression for the photon helicity and polarisation-flip probabilities in arbitrary background fields, in the low energy regime. Taking the background to model a focused laser beam, we study the impact of pulse shape and collision geometry on the probabilities and on ellipticity signals of vacuum birefringence. We find that models which do not account for pulse duration can o...

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is highly utilized in manufacturing sectors owing to its ability to machine high strength materials with complex shape. The pulse duration of the pulse generator highly determines the machinability in such process. Since the duty factor can characterize the pulse duration, it is very essential to analyze its effect on machinability in the process. In the pre...

In order to engrave gravure plate with fine lines structures, conventional art used lithography with dry/wet etching. Lithography with dry/wet etching method allows to engrave lines with smooth concave shape, but its disadvantages include difficulty in controlling aspect ratio, high and uniform in large size process, substrate material limitation due to etching solution availability, and proces...

Conversion efficiency and electron temperature scaling laws are experimentally studied in the wavelength-cubed (l) regime, where a single-wavelength focus allows low energy pulses incident on a Mo target to produce x rays with excellent efficiency and improved spatial coherence. Focused intensity is varied from 2310 to 2310 W/cm. Conversion efficiency and electron temperature are best described...

We analyze the time profiles of individual gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses, that are longer than 2 s, by modelling them with analytical functions that are based on physical first principles and well-established empirical descriptions of GRB spectral evolution. These analytical profiles are independent of the emission mechanism and can be used to model both the rise and decay profiles allowing for ...

A repetitive petawatt-class Ti:sapphire laser system operating with high spatial and temporal beam quality is demonstrated. Maximum pulse energy of 30 J is obtained via five multi-pass amplification stages. Closed-loop feedback control systems in the temporal and spatial domains are used to yield Fourier-transform-limited pulse duration (33.7 fs), and diffraction-limited focal spot sizes (with ...