The grass family comprises the most important cereal crops and is a good system for studying, with comparative genomics, mechanisms of evolution, speciation, and domestication. Here, we identified and characterized the evolution of shared duplications in the rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) genomes by comparing 42,654 rice gene sequences with 6426 mapped wheat ESTs using improv...

Duplications are a major driving force behind evolution. Most duplicates are believed to fix through genetic drift, but it is not clear whether this process affects all duplications equally or whether there are certain gene families that are expected to show neutral expansions under certain circumstances. Here, we analyse the neutrality of duplications in different functional classes of signall...

Chromosomal inversions have an important role in evolution, and an increasing number of inversion polymorphisms are being identified in the human population. The evolutionary history of these inversions and the mechanisms by which they arise are therefore of significant interest. Previously, a polymorphic inversion on human chromosome Xq28 that includes the FLNA and EMD loci was discovered and ...

While the proposal that large-scale genome expansions occurred early in vertebrate evolution is widely accepted, the exact mechanisms of the expansion--such as a single or multiple rounds of whole genome duplication, bloc chromosome duplications, large-scale individual gene duplications, or some combination of these--is unclear. Gene families with a single invertebrate member but four vertebrat...

Spontaneous tandem chromosomal duplications are common in populations of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimun'um. They range in frequency for a given locus from lo-* to and probably form by Reddependent unequal sister strand exchanges between repetitive sequences in direct order. Certaiu duplications have been observed previously to confer a growth advantage under specific selective conditi...

Abbreviations Introduction – homology and the evolution of protein families Delineation of protein families Ancient gene duplications and the root of the tree of life Gene and genome duplications, speciation, and innovation in eukaryotes Convergence versus concerted evolution Conclusions Acknowledgements References and recommended reading Copyright

introduction: duchene/ becker (dmd/bmd) muscular dystrophy is the most frequent neuromuscular disease in children which is inherited as an x-linked recessive trait. the disease is caused by partial deletion in dystrophin gene. we developed a rapid and robust method for direct identification of female carriers of deletions and duplications in the dystrophin gene, in order to prevent the affected...

Tumor cells frequently exhibit large-scale changes in their genome, including genome rearrangements (e.g. chromosome inversions and translocations), duplications, and deletions. Such genomic changes are directly implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and can alter gene structure and regulation. While many individual rearrangements and duplications in tumors have been identified, little is kno...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported no clear critical region for medical comorbidities in children with deletions or duplications of 22q11.2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether individuals with small nested deletions or duplications of the LCR-A to B region of 22q11.2 show an elevated rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to individuals with deletions or duplicati...

Distal Xq duplications refer to chromosomal disorders resulting from involvement of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq). Clinical manifestations widely vary depending on the gender of the patient and on the gene content of the duplicated segment. Prevalence of Xq duplications remains unknown. About 40 cases of Xq28 functional disomy due to cytogenetically visible rearrangements, and about 50 ...