For over 15 years, masked phonological priming effects have been offered as evidence that phonology plays a leading role in visual word recognition. The existence of these effects-along with their theoretical implications-has, however, been disputed. The authors present three sources of evidence relevant to an assessment of the existence and implications of these effects. First, they present an...

Background Countries with health workforce shortages are increasingly turning to multipurpose community health workers (CHWs) to extend integrated services to the community-level. However, there may be tradeoffs with the number of tasks a CHW can effectively perform before quality and/or productivity decline. This qualitative study was conducted within an existing program in Iringa, Tanza...

The paper presents a machine translation system from Czech to Lower Sorbian, a minority language spoken in a region around Cottbus in Germany. This West Slavonic language, which is spoken by less than 20,000 people, is very archaic, it, has supine, dual and some other grammatical forms, which disappeared in most Slavonic languages. The paper describes the architecture of the system and focuses ...

using a critical discourse analytic model of translation criticism, the present study attempts to explore the effect of ideology and idiosyncrasy on the lexical choices in translation studies. the study employed a descriptive approach to answer two research questions: is there any relationship between ideology and idiosyncratic features of translators' lexical choices? and if yes, can it be ana...

This paper describes a fully implemented, broad-coverage model of human syntactic processing. The model uses probabilistic parsing techniques, which combine phrase structure, lexical category, and limited subcategory probabilities with an incremental, left-to-right "pruning" mechanism based on cascaded Markov models. The parameters of the system are established through a uniform training algori...

Natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion is a beneficial strategy for achieving high efficient and low emissions operation in compression ignition engines, especially in genset application heavy duty diesel engine at rated power. This study aims to investigate a dual fuel engine performance and emissions using premixed natural gas and early direct injection of diesel fuel. Due to the different r...

The classic dual route model for reading (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001) assumes at least two independent routes from printed input to sound: one via a lexical-semantic pathway and one via a nonlexical pathway which relies on a process of graphemephoneme-conversion (GPC) and leads to an effect of regularity on reading. However, there is evidence from brain-damaged patients ...

The article deals with the psychometric procedural steps for constructing and standardizing a test to assess reading abilities of schooled child in primary stage diagnose disability (dyslexia). was standardized on total sample 280 male female students between ages 7 10 years. based dual model Coltheart [1], [2] L'Alouette text by researcher Lefevrais [3], [4].The experimental method adopted asc...

DISLEX is an artiicial neural network model of the mental lexicon. It was built to test com-putationally whether the lexicon could consist of separate feature maps for the diierent lexical modalities and the lexical semantics, connected with ordered pathways. In the model, the ortho-graphic, phonological, and semantic feature maps and the associations between them are formed in an unsupervised ...

Lexical features are usually not found in the surface forms alone. Such features are used in many practical applications, and theories. This article shows that it is fairly easy to automatically invent lexical features from syntagmatic relations, without calculating any statistics of co-occurrence. Apart from being a plausible model of lexical acquisition, this model can be implemented efficien...