We consider the problem of finding a trellis for a finear block code that minimizes one or more measures of trellis complexity. The domain of optimization may be different permutations of the same code or different codes with the same parameters. Constraints on trellises, including relationships between the minimal trellis of a code and that of the dual code, are used to derive bounds on comple...

Dual systems of steel moment frame and reinforced concrete shear wall have combined the advantages of steel frames and reinforced concrete shear wall. These walls have increased the lateral stiffness of steel frames and have reduced seismic demands on steel frames thus providing opportunities to use such system. In this research intermediate dual system of steel moment frame was chosen with int...

An (n, k) linear code C of length n over GF(q) = Fq, a Galios field of order q, where q is a prime, is a fc-dimensional linear subspace of F"q, where F"q denotes the space of all n-tuples over GF(q). A generator matrix G of this code is a k x n matrix whose rows form a basis of C. The parity-check matrix H of this code is an(n — fc) x n matrix such that Hv = 0 for all vectors veC. The row space...

Symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithms for linear nonbinary block and convolutional codes over both extension elds GF(q = p a) and integer rings Z q are presented. Equivalent MAP decoding rules employing the dual code are given which are computationally more eecient for high-rate codes. The suitabil-ity of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated by applying them to a pa...

at the present work, the effect of cold exhaust gas recirculation (egr) on combustion and pollution of a dual fuel engine has been investigated by cfd code fire. the turbulent flow within the combustion chamber is simulated using the k-ε turbulence model, which is modified for engine flows. “wave” and “eddy break up” models are employed to predict combustion and spray process. the calculations ...

Strict one-to-one correspondence between codons and amino acids is thought to be an essential feature of the genetic code. However, we report that one codon can code for two different amino acids with the choice of the inserted amino acid determined by a specific 3' untranslated region structure and location of the dual-function codon within the messenger RNA (mRNA). We found that the codon UGA...

An [18,9,8] code Ce18 over GF(4) was constructed in [6] as an extended cyclic code, and Pless [9] describes the same code as an extended “Q-code”. This code is of particular interest since it is an extremal quaternary code: an [n, n/2, d] self-dual code with d = 2[n/6] + 2 ([6, p. 2951, [3, p. 2051). In the present note we give new coordinates for this code, enabling us to find a simple descrip...