The molecular weight of the double-stranded RNA (Pl dsRNA) always associated with the virus-like particles that occur in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined to be 3.5 + 0.1 X lo6 by equilibrium sedimentation. Methylmercuric-agarose gel electrophoresis yielded a value of 1.67 + 0.11 x lo6 for the single-stranded form. The sedimentation coefficient, 0 SZO+,, was determined by bounda...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during replicative viral infection or genotoxic stress. Thus knowledge of the cellular response to dsRNA is necessary to understand the effects of DNA damage or viral infection in biliary epithelia. We assessed the effect of dsRNA on biliary epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis and the role of the stress-activated p38 MAPK signaling pathway in thes...

dsRNA is a common pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is recognized by cellular TLR3 and used by virus-infected cells to activate specific transcription factors and trigger induction of antiviral genes. In this article, we report a new branch of TLR3 signaling that does not lead to gene induction but affects many cellular properties, such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. W...

A mixed virus infection in a strain of the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum was deduced from a study of the transmission to conidia of several double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements. The transmission rates of each dsRNA were different, and monosporic isolates harbouring different combinations of the original set of six dsRNAs were obtained. A 5196 bp dsRNA eleme...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a key experimental organism for the study of infectious diseases, including dsRNA viruses, ssRNA viruses, and prions. Studies of the mechanisms of virus and prion replication, virus structure, and structure of the amyloid filaments that are the basis of yeast prions have been at the forefront of such studies in these classes of infectious entities. Yeast has be...

Many members of the DEXD/H box helicase family play important roles in the innate immune system against viral infection. Therefore, we isolated dsRNA complex in myeloid dendritic cells. We found that DHx15, a DEXDc helicase family member, is one of the components of this complex. Knockdown of DHX15 expression by short hairpin RNA efficiently reduced the ability of myeloid dendritic cells to pro...

Reovirus contains double-stranded ribonucleic acid with a molecular weight of approximately 107 daltons. 1 2 This RNA exists in the virion as a continuous linear structure, but it is extraordinarily susceptible to breakage.3-5 When isolated by any of the commonly used extraction techniques, the major portion of viral RNA appears as fragments with lengths of 0.35 ,u, 0.6 gA, and 1.1 jA, correspo...

Control of virus replication initially depends on rapid activation of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are potent inducers of innate immunity against viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a positive-sense RNA virus, initiates infection in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), elicits weak immune responses, and establishes a per...

Extracellular RNA is becoming increasingly recognized as a signaling molecule. Virally derived double stranded (ds)RNA released into the extracellular space during virus induced cell lysis acts as a powerful inducer of classical type I interferon (IFN) responses; however, the receptor that mediates this response has not been identified. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are likely candidates ...

The molecular weight of the double-stranded RNA (Pl dsRNA) always associated with the virus-like particles that occur in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined to be 3.5 + 0.1 X lo6 by equilibrium sedimentation. Methylmercuric-agarose gel electrophoresis yielded a value of 1.67 + 0.11 x lo6 for the single-stranded form. The sedimentation coefficient, 0 SZO+,, was determined by bounda...