The thin layer drying of pine forest residues consisting of bark, needles, leaves, and chips was experimentally conducted at air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80C. Physical and chemical properties of fractionated forest residues were determined to evaluate its fuel properties. The experimental data obtained from thin layer drying study were fitted with Lewis, Page, and Henderson and Pabis...

Research on rice drying and tempering has shown that high drying temperatures (up to 603C) and high moisture removal rates (up to 6 percentage points moisture content) can be used without reducing milling quality as long as sufficient tempering at a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) is allowed between drying passes. Using drying air temperatures above the Tg of the rice si...

A domestic solar dryer with transparent external surfaces was designed, built and tested. Thin-layer drying models that describe the drying phenomena in a unified way, regardless of the controlling mechanism; have been used to estimate the drying period for several products. Temperature of the drying medium is one of the factors that affect the drying rate constant of the exponential model. Thi...

Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A good understanding on the dynamic behavior of the process is important to ensure proper control. The aim of this study is to develop empirical models for spray drying of whole milk powder and orange juice powder. A preliminary study on the effect of several inputs such as inlet air temperature, feed...

This study investigates the use of solid, organic compounds to lyophilize drugs without conventional freeze-drying equipment. The aim of the investigation is to find a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent or solvent combination that is appropriate for freeze-drying on the basis of its ability to (1) solubilize hydrophobic drugs, (2) provide a stable environment for water-sensitive compounds, (3)...

In this study, Cynara scolymus L. leaves aqueous extract powder was produced using a novel spray drying approach by incorporation of ongoing ultrasonic atomization and vacuumed drying chamber. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based central composite face-centered design was employed for optimization of the operating conditions of the ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer. The independent variab...

In this paper, mathematical models are presented to study the thermal behavior of crops (cabbage and peas) for open sun drying (natural convection) and inside the greenhouse under both natural and forced convection. The predictions of crop temperature, greenhouse room air temperature and rate of moisture evaporation (crop mass during drying) have been computed in Matlab software on the basis of...

The effects of slice thickness, microwave pre-treatment, and drying temperature on drying orange kumara slices were investigated. The highest drying rate, with minimal loss of colour, occurred at 80°C. Slice thickness did not significantly influence colour but drying time increased with slice thickness. The drying curves fitted the Page thin-layer drying model. Two minutes microwave pre-treatme...

Th e drying characteristics of “Granny Smith” apples were analysed using a tunnel drier at diff erent temperatures and diff erent pre-treatments. „Granny Smith“ apples were cut into rectangle-shaped samples 20x20x5 mm in size. Th e drying temperatures for non-treated samples varied from 50oC to 80oC at airfl ow velocity of 2.8 m s-1. Prior to drying at 60oC, the samples were pretreated either t...