OBJECTIVE • To measure urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) in women with overactive bladder (OAB)-dry and OAB-wet and investigate the association of urinary NGF expression with these factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Differentiation between OAB-wet and OAB-dry was based on symptoms and a 3-day voiding diary. • Urinary NGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). • The ur...

The ability to measure body composition is critical for studying the physiological ecology of animals. This is particularly true for small mammals that have a high metabolic rate. We evaluated a nondestructive method of body composition analysis that would allow accurate assessment of body fat, body water, and lean mass. We used total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) to estimate body compos...

Enquist and Niklas proposed global rules for plant biomass allocation allometry (1). However, early plant ontogeny (from emergence to ;5 g plant dry mass) follows different rules than they propose, and this early stage constitutes a crucial period for establishment, with plant size ranging across six orders of magnitude. At this crucial stage, their model falls short in a number of important re...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different potassium (k) and nitrogen (n) concentrations in nutrient solution and their interaction on growth and quality of tomato transplants. a full factorial experimental design was carried out with three potassium concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6 meql-1) and three nitrogen concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6 meql-1) for 27 days after seed germination...

Young trees 0.03-1.7 m high of three coexisting Betula species were investigated in four sites of varying soil fertility, but all in full daylight, to separate nutrient and plant size controls on leaf dry mass per unit area (MA), light-saturated foliar photosynthetic electron transport rate (J) and the fraction of plant biomass in foliage (F(L)). Because the site effect was generally non-signif...

Background: Mammalian herbivores produce methane during digestion. Questions: Do ruminants (such as bovids) produce more methane during digestion than do equids (non-ruminants)? What are the effects of allometric scaling of methane production when different species feed on similar diets? Methods: From the literature, we collected a set of data on methane production (litres ·day) of ruminants (b...

In the present report, the effects of blanching, steaming, and high temperature/high pressure processing (HTHP) on the amino acid contents of commonly consumed Korean root vegetables, leaf vegetables, and pulses were evaluated using an Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer. The total amino acid content of the samples tested was between 3.38 g/100 g dry weight (DW) and 21.32 g/100 g DW in raw vegetables...