The solubility, bioavailability and dissolution rate of drugs are important parameters for achieving in vivo efficiency. The bioavailability of orally administered drugs depends on their ability to be absorbed via gastrointestinal tract. For drugs belonging to Class II of pharmaceutical classification, the absorption process is limited by drug dissolution rate in gastrointestinal media. Therefo...

INTRODUCTION Dissolution testing is an in vitro technique of great importance in formulation and development of pharmaceutical dosage forms,as it can be used as a substitute for in vivo studies under strictly defined and specified conditions (1). For the comparison of in vitro dissolution data and for use of such data for in vivo bioequivalence testing and in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) ...

In vitro release kinetics of three commercially available sustained release tablets (SR) diltiazem hydrochloride were studied at pH 1.1 for 2 h and for another 6 h at pH 6.8 using the USP dissolution apparatus with the paddle assemble. The kinetics of the dissolution process was studied by analyzing the dissolution data using five kinetic equations: the zero-order equation, the first-order equa...

Nebivolol hydrochloride is a poorly water soluble drug falls under class II biopharmaceutical classification system, which is β1 receptor antagonist that leads to vasodilatation, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, lowers blood pressure and heart rate. The rate of its oral absorption is often controlled by dissolution rate in the gastro intestinal tract. The aim of the present investigati...

The aim of the present study was to make a fenofibrate (FNB) nanocrystal (NC) by wet media milling, characterizations and formulates into oral strip-films (OSFs). Mechanical properties, redispersion study, and solid-state characterizations results suggested that reduction of drug crystal size at nanoscale and incorporation into OSFs does not affect the solid-state properties of the drug. In vit...

The selection of media in dissolution method development can sometimes be an arbitrary decision. The case studies in this article give a practical rationale that should help in selecting media, especially surfactants. Three cases were studied: (1) the role of surfactants versus compound stability in the dissolution medium during dissolution method development, (2) the selection of a surfactant ...

The solubility enhancement of poorly soluble compounds is an important task in pharmaceutical technology as it leads to better bioavailability and a more efficient application. Fused dispersions (FDs) of simvastatin (SIM) using PEO-PPO block copolymer were prepared which paved the way for the formation of an amorphous product with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability. The accumulative solub...

The objectives of present investigations were to optimize concentration of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant by pseudoternary phase diagrams and to develop a stable formulation of self emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) in order to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble Irbesartan (IBS) by SEDDS. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the self emulsifying region....

Enteric coatings are widely used in formulations of drug delivery spheres. The coating protects an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from acidic conditions in the low pH environment of the stomach. The coating breaks down readily at higher pH in the lower intestine to allow absorption of the API. The thickness of the enteric coating is one of the factors that determine the release rate of ...

INTRODUCTION The release of the drug substance from a solid dosage form has a major impact on its rate and extent of absorption. In certain instances, as is the case with modified-release formulations, the rate-limiting step in the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation is its release from the formulation. In the vast majority of cases, in vitro dissolution of an immediate-release p...