Spontaneous emission noise is an important limit to the performance of active plasmonic devices. Here, we investigate the spontaneous emission noise in the long-range surface plasmon-polariton waveguide based optical gyroscope. A theoretical model of the sensitivity is established to study the incoherent multi-beam interference of spontaneous emission in the gyroscope. Numerical results show th...

In tokamaks, Ware pinch is a well known neoclassical effect for trapped particles in response to a toroidal electric field. It is generally believed that there exists no similar neoclassical effect for circulating particles without collisions. However, this belief is erroneous, and misses an important effect. We show both analytically and numerically that under the influence of a toroidal elect...

The isomers of the Man(7)GlcNAc(2) glycan obtained from bovine ribonuclease B have been characterized by ion mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (IMS-MS/MS). In these experiments, [Man7 + 2Na](2+) precursors having different mobilities are selected by ion mobility spectrometry and analyzed by MS/MS techniques in an ion trap. The fragmentation spectra obtained for various precursor io...

In large multi-center studies it is important to quantify data variations due to differences between sites and over time. Here we investigate inter-site variability in signal to noise ratio (SNR), percent integral uniformity (PIU), width and height using the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom scans from the NIHPD project. Longitudinal variations are also analyzed. All measurements are ...

We consider continuous-time models in which the agent is paid at the end of the time horizon by the principal, who does not know the agent’s type. The agent dynamically affects either the drift of the underlying output process, or its volatility. The principal’s problem reduces to a calculus of variation problem for the agent’s level of utility. The optimal ratio of marginal utilities is random...

Microcystins (MCs) are toxic heptapeptides that are produced by filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix rubescens and Planktothrix agardhii via nonribosomal peptide synthesis. MCs share a common structure cyclo (-D-Alanine(1)-L-X(2)- D-erythro-beta-iso-aspartic acid(3)-L-Z(4)-Adda(5)-D-Glutamate(6)- N-methyl-dehydroalanine(7)) where X(2) and Z(2) are variable L-amino acids in positions 2, 4 of t...

Effective population size (Ne) controls both the rate of random genetic drift and the effectiveness of selection and migration, but it is difficult to estimate in nature. In particular, for species with overlapping generations, it is easier to estimate the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (Nb) than Ne per generation. We empirically evaluated the relationship between life h...