Predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be associated with HLA-DR1, -DR4, and -DR10. However, many epidemiological observations are better explained by a model in which the DQ alleles that are linked to these DR alleles, i.e., DQ5, DQ7, and DQ8, predispose to RA, while certain DR alleles have a dominant protective effect. All protective DRB1 alleles, e.g., *0402, *1301, and *1...

BACKGROUND Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are cell surface glycoproteins that bind peptides and present them to T cells as part of the mechanism for detecting and responding to foreign material in the body. The peptide-binding activity exhibits allele-specific preferences for particular sidechains at some positions, although the structural basis of these preferences is...

Deinococcus indicus strain DR1, a red-pigmented, arsenic- and radiation-resistant bacterium, was isolated from a water sample of the Dadri wetland, Uttar Pradesh, India. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide useful information regarding the genes and pathways involved in heavy-metal bioremediation.

The recent solutions of the MHC class II crystal structure reveal dimerization of the alphabeta heterodimers. These dimer of dimers structures may also exist either on resting cells or after engagement by TCR, and may be involved in B cell signaling and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7 which facilitate T cell activation. By combining crystallographic data on HLA-DR1 with the...

The X-ray structure of a ternary complex of Negative Cofactor 2 (NC2), the TATA box binding protein (TBP), and DNA has been determined at 2.6 A resolution. The N termini of NC2 alpha and beta resemble histones H2A and H2B, respectively, and form a heterodimer that binds to the bent DNA double helix on the underside of the preformed TBP-DNA complex via electrostatic interactions. NC2beta contrib...

Class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIPs) compete with natural allele-specific ligands for binding to several purified HLA-DR molecules. Truncation and substitution analysis showed that a minimal sequence of 13 amino acids is sufficient for excellent binding to DR17 and DR1. Hydrophobic residues at relative positions 1 and 9 (P1 and P9) which are shared among these DR-ligands, and ar...