An 82-year-old man with atrial fibrillation, nonadherent to rivaroxaban, presented with sudden bilateral ptosis. Examination demonstrated bilateral ptosis (figure 1), pupils midline, fixed midsize, not reactive to light but constricting to accommodation, impaired vertical eye movements, paresis of superior greater than inferior rectus, and upgaze convergence nystagmus. MRI showed infarction of ...

An 11-year-old boy developed generalized tetanus complicated by a supranuclear gaze palsy and exotropia. This case led us to include supranuclear palsy in an expanded definition of cephalic-tetanus.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in axial length occurring with shifts in gaze direction. METHODS Axial length measurements were obtained from the left eye of 30 young adults (10 emmetropes, 10 low myopes, and 10 moderate myopes) through a rotating prism with 15° deviation, along the foveal axis, using a noncontact optical biometer in each of the nine different ...

Three patients with paralysed horizontal gaze are presented. Involuntary use of convergence to assist horizontal gaze was noted as a late feature. All patients showed (1) unilateral or bilateral horizontal gaze palsy (two patients had one and a half syndrome, the other had bilateral nuclear sixth nerve palsies), (2) adduction of both eyes on attempted gaze into the paralysed field, (3) miosis w...

Although progressive supranuclear palsy is defined by its akinetic rigidity, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and falls, cognitive impairments are an important determinant of patients' and carers' quality of life. Here, we investigate whether there is a broad deficit of modality-independent social cognition in progressive supranuclear palsy and explore the neural correlates for these. We recrui...

BACKGROUND Most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are cross-sectional and lack post mortem confirmation of the diagnosis. MRI features described previously in PSP correspond to regions of pathological involvement demonstrated in separate studies, but serial MRI with pathological follow up has not been undertaken. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether ...

BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC), is a lipid storage disease that may present at any age from fetal life to the seventh decade. Its protean manifestations include hepatic and pulmonary failure, as well as a range of progressive neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Late onset disease has been increasingly recognized as the biochemical diagnosis of NPC has been more widely applied. REVIEW ...

Purpose: We report a patient with bilateral dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) who initially presented unilateral, isolated trochlear nerve palsy; and later contralateral, oculomotor palsy.Case summary: A 72-year-old male without any underlying disease or trauma history visited sudden vertical diplopia in both eyes that had developed 5 days prior. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perform...

Previous research suggests that closing one's eyes or averting one's gaze from another person can benefit visual-spatial imagination by interrupting cognitive demands associated with face-to-face interaction (Markson and Paterson, 2009). The present study further investigated this influence of social gaze on adults' visual-spatial imagination, using the matrix task (Kerr, 1987, 1993). Participa...

records were collected on an annual basis and all pertinent information was entered into a database. For patients with cognitive impairment a caregiver with knowledge of the patient’s family and personal medical history completed the registry form. Upon death, remaining medical records were collected and neuropathological analyses were performed. Patients were brought to autopsy according to st...