conclusion the low prevalence of the nb absence in normal fetuses in the present study is compatible with the larger size of the nb in iranian people compared to other communities. meanwhile, the reference range of the nb length in normal iranian fetuses was established so that basic data could be recorded for further studies regarding the absence or presence of the nb in screening for chromoso...

background and objectives: the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (insulin resistance) in individuals with down's syndrome is more than healthy people, which is possibly because of the high prevalence of obesity among them. adiponectin is one of adipose tissue-secreted adipocytokines, which plays a role in pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. this study was carried out with the aim of d...

anxiety is one of the most common reactions that parents show while understanding their children's intellectual disability due to down syndrome. anxiety leads parents not to develop appropriate relations with their children, subsequently their psychological health are at risk. the present study was aimed to determine the effect of problem-focused coping strategy training on psychological sympto...

In this paper, we utilise an approach drawn from the field of epidemiology to explore what is known and unknown about young children with Down syndrome and their families. After describing what we mean by an epidemiological approach, we review basic findings for children with intellectual disabilities, as well as challenges to performing such research. In considering the epidemiology of Down sy...

A forced-choice reaction-time (RT) task was used to examine voluntary visual orienting among children and adolescents with trisomy 21 Down syndrome and typically developing children matched at an MA of approximately 5.6 years, an age when the development of orienting abilities reaches optimal adult-like efficiency. Both groups displayed faster reaction times (RTs) when the target location was c...

OBJECTIVES Although individuals with Down syndrome have considerable oral disease, the prevalence of dental caries in this group is low. The present study aimed to compare known risk factors for dental caries development in children with Down syndrome and a matched population (siblings). In both populations, the number of acidogenic microorganisms, such as mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and ...

This paper reports the use of two forms of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) with young children with Down syndrome: a program using signing (Makaton), and the COMPIC system of computerised pictographs. Children with Down syndrome are frequently reported to have difficulties in the area of language and communication, with relative strengths in visual and perceptual areas. This su...

BACKGROUND Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a well-known cause of mental retardation. It can be diagnosed in early pregnancy. Scientists have made great strides in outlining the pathophysiologic mechanisms of mental retardation in Down syndrome. Much less has been published on human therapy. To our knowledge, these are the first published cases of fetal therapy for Down syndrome. METHODOLOGY Rep...

Background. Iron deficiency anemia impacts on cognitive development. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in children with Down syndrome and identify risk factors for anemia. Methods. We conducted a prolective cross-sectional study of children attending a multidisciplinary Down syndrome medical center. One hundred and forty nine children with...