BACKGROUND Combination therapy with the ribavirin (RBV) prodrug taribavirin (TBV) and pegylated interferon (PIFN) has produced lower rates of anaemia than with RBV and PIFN. Studies have demonstrated that the sharpest decline in viral load during TBV therapy occurs at Weeks 4 through 6, when TBV reaches steady-state blood levels. AIM The current proof-of-concept study was conducted to examine...

BACKGROUND Little is known about safety of and adherence to intermittent HIV PrEP regimens, which may be more feasible than daily dosing in some settings. We present safety and adherence data from the first trial of an intermittent PrEP regimen among Kenyan men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MSM and FSW were randomized to daily oral FTC/TD...

rupted schedule cohort were short-lived and most patients experienced an increase in blast count during the rest period. These results suggest a need for alternate dosing in rapidly growing tumors. Continuous lower dose sunitinib has been investigated in metastatic RCC: 107 metastatic RCC patients with progressive disease on prior cytokine therapy were treated with sunitinib at 37.5 mg daily wi...

BACKGROUND Recent research has reported that patients receiving bolus (frequent large doses to achieve iron repletion) versus maintenance dosing of iron have an increased short-term risk of infection, but a similar risk of cardiovascular events. We sought to determine whether these findings could be replicated using the same methods and a different data source. METHODS Clinical data from 6,60...

CONTEXT Incorrect dosing of alteplase has been associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients. However, patients at high risk of adverse events are more prone to dosing errors, thus confounding this relationship. OBJECTIVE To determine if the association between incorrect dosing of alteplase and adverse outcomes is related to cause and effect or to confounding. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PAT...

Risk assessment of human exposure to chemicals is crucial for understanding whether such agents can cause cancer. The current emphasis on avoidance of animal testing has placed greater importance on in vitro tests for the identification of genotoxicants. Selection of an appropriate in vitro dosing regime is imperative in determining the genotoxic effects of test chemicals. Here, the issue of do...

BACKGROUND Use of extended infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) in adult patients has been described, but data in children are limited. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using an extended-infusion PT dosing strategy as the standard of care in a children's hospital. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of patients aged >30 days who receiv...

OBJECTIVE This secondary analysis examined the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine (ATX) dosed once (QD) versus twice (BID) daily in 55 children aged 6-12 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS The original 8-week trial was designed to assess the benefits of adding behavioral therapy to ATX. In it, all subjects were treated openly with ATX, with 50% randomly assign...