SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS DRUG ADMINISTRATION HALLUCINOGEN RATING SCALE STATISTICS RESULTS 0.4-MG/KG DOSE PERCEPTION SOMAESTHESIA AFFECT COGNITION VOLITION INTENSITY 0.2-MG/KG DOSE 0.1-MG/KG DOSE 0.05-MG/KG DOSE HALLUCINOGEN RATING SCALE TECHNICAL COMMENT ON ASSESSMENT OF SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS COMMENT REFERENCES

The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard identification, the use of biomarkers in defining and predicting a) biological...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate clinical applications of mobile c-arms and consequent radiation risk,to increase medical attention on radiation protection, and to provide basic data for safe radiation use in the operating room. materials and methods: in this study, a total of 374 surgical operations, conducted using a portable fluoroscopic x-ray system from january to march...

introduction the purpose of this study was to estimate organ and effective doses in patients undergoing some common x-ray examinations in sabzevar, iran. the effective dose is one of the best parameters for describing the amount of radiation dose received by a patient undergoing any diagnostic x-ray examination. the public dose from x-ray examinations depends on various factors, and its contrib...

Risk assessment and HACCP are related, but fundamentally di€erent processes. Four major elements of risk assessment are commonly described (hazard identi®cation; exposure assessment; dose-response assessment or hazard characterization; and risk characterization). Some similarities exist between the inputs for the ®rst elements of risk assessment (hazard identi®cation) and HACCP (hazard analysis...

a methodology of ecological risk assessment for the terrestrial ecosystem under chronicradioactive pollution of a biotope near a regional radioactive waste storage has been developed in terms of thecritical environmental loads analyzed. it consists of five stages: determination of effect indicators and assessmentof their values; establishment of reference species and indices; assessment and ana...

abstract background: in vivo measurements of applied dose during radiotherapy treatment, is important to ensure accurate dose delivery to patients. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within ±5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by icru. assessment of dose for radiotherapy applications performed with various types of detectors. in this study, semiconductor diodes were used which have s...

In order to calculate the dose for nanoparticles (NP), (i) relevant information about the dose metrics and (ii) a proper dose concept are crucial. Since the appropriate metrics for NP toxicity are yet to be elaborated, a general dose calculation model for nanomaterials is not available. Here we propose how to develop a dose assessment model for NP in analogy to the radiation protection dose cal...

Diagnostic radiography is a leading cause of man-made radiation exposure to the population. Individual risk assessment and analytic epidemiologic studies likewise require retrospective assessment of lifelong exposure from medical sources. Typical schemes attempt to determine accumulated doses of specific „critical organs“. The organ dose to the red bone marrow is relevant in studies of diseases...