Electrical and thermal consumption related to buildings, whether civil, commercial, public, or of any other kind, is very much in focus today. With today’s targets for energy savings, reduction consumption, environmental impact, it necessary carry out retrofits modernize installations their management. The realization an effective improvement requires a careful analysis the case study because e...

The current trend of building construction is using steel frames and reinforced concrete frames. design concept based on strength limit analysis (ultimate strength) which has sufficient ductility to absorb earthquake energy according applicable regulations. In addition this, it also necessary consider the economic aspect. All these structural considerations will influence planning alternatives,...