We review the path integral method wherein quantum systems are mapped with Feynman's path integrals onto a classical system of " ring-polymers " and then simulated with the Monte Carlo technique. Bose or Fermi statistics correspond to possible " cross-linking " of polymers. As proposed by Feynman, superfluidity and Bose condensation result from macroscopic exchange of bosons. To map fermions on...

Functionalized arrays of silica nanochannels (ASNCs) were prepared by post-condensation of amino-functional alkoxysilanes (NH-silanes). The method of post-condensation combines postsynthetic grafting and co-condensation - the classical pathways for the functionalization of mesoporous silica - to afford a convenient one-pot reaction in aqueous medium. The structure of the NH-silanes determines t...

an efficient, mild and environmentally friendly method was developed for the strecker reaction to synthesize α-aminonitriles in the presence of methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([hmim][hso4]) as an efficient catalyst. these syntheses were performed via a one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes (or ketones), amines, and trimethylsilyl cyanide under mild and solvent free conditions.