Efforts to combat phishing and fraud online often center around filtering the phishing messages and disabling phishing Web sites to prevent users from being deceived. Two potential approaches to disabling a phishing site are (1) to eliminate the required DNS records to reach the site and (2) to remove the site from the machine itself. While previous work has focused on DNS take-down efforts, we...

Attackers have used DNS amplification in over 34% of highvolume DDoS attacks, with some floods exceeding 300Gbps. The best current practices do not help victims during an attack; they are preventative measures that third-party organizations must employ in advance. Unfortunately, there are no incentives for these third parties to follow the recommendations. While practitioners have focused on re...

The Domain Name system (DNS) has become a ubiquitous part of modern internet infrastructure that maps numeric IP address to human-readable names. In the recent years, denial of service (DoS) attacks on DNS has a trend to be more serious problems. These attack is mainly related the hierarchical namespace architecture, which is hard to avoid as this architecture are widely deployment in multi-lev...

Covert channels inside DNS allow evasion of networks which only provide a restricted access to the Internet. By encapsulating data inside DNS requests and replies exchanged with a server located outside the restricted network, several existing implementations provide either an IP over DNS tunnel, or a socket-like service (TCP over DNS). This paper contributes a detailed overview of the challeng...

The Domain Name Service (DNS) is a critical core component of the global Internet and integral to the majority of corporate intranets. It provides resolution services between the human-readable name-based system addresses and the machine operable Internet Protocol (IP) based addresses required for creating network level connections. Whilst structured as a globally dispersed resilient tree data ...

PURPOSE To investigate the value of perfusion-weighted MRI in the evaluation of the intranodular hemodynamic characteristics of dysplastic nodules (DNs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 rats with chemically-induced DNs and HCCs were investigated. Single-slice gadolinium-enhanced perfusion-weighted MRI was performed to evalu...

The species Campylobacter jejuni is considered naturally competent for DNA uptake and displays strong genetic diversity. Nevertheless, nonnaturally transformable strains and several relatively stable clonal lineages exist. In the present study, the molecular mechanism responsible for the nonnatural transformability of a subset of C. jejuni strains was investigated. Comparative genome hybridizat...

This paper proposes a novel protocol which uses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) to partition Web clients into disjoint sets, each of which is associated with a single DNS server. We de ne an L-DNS cluster to be a grouping of Web Clients that use the same Local DNS server to resolve Internet host names. We identify such clusters in real-time using data obtained from a Web Server in conjunc...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the discriminative power of the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) and Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE) scores for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP), as well as their relation with cardiovascular autonomic function testing (cAFT) and electro-diagnostic studies (EDS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three groups (matched for age and sex) were selected: 24 diabetic ...

The Domain Name System (DNS) is undergoing fundamental changes in both design and operations, but these changes are mostly taking place in piecemeal extensions. In this paper we consider how to maintain a simple and robust DNS in the face of these inevitable and essential changes. We consider some of the features that the modern DNS is trying to incorporate and we look at the ensuing problems f...