نتایج جستجو برای: dna mitochondrial

تعداد نتایج: 613263  

2012
Dongchon Kang

The mitochondrial genome resides within mitochondria, the principal source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and is thus exposed to far greater oxidative stress than nuclear DNA. The mitochondrial genome also demonstrates more intensive oxidative damage and a higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. These facts are one reason for the age-related decline in the function of various tissues ...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1971
A Halbreich M Rabinowitz

Formyltetrahydrofolic acid:methionyl-tRNA transformylase was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria and used to prepare yeast mitochondrial [(3)H]formylmethionyl-tRNA. This fMet-tRNA hybridizes with mitochondrial DNA but not with yeast nuclear or E. coli DNA. Unlabeled mitochondrial, but not extramitochondrial, tRNA competes in this reaction. tRNA was eluted from the hybrid and fou...

Journal: :Mitochondrion 2004
Nathan Fischel-Ghodsian Richard D Kopke Xianxi Ge

Mitochondrial pathology plays an important role in both inherited and acquired hearing loss. Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations have been implicated in both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss, as well as in predisposition to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Acquired mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of mitochondrial DNA mutations has also been proposed as playing an important role in...

Journal: :FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2002
Bensu Karahalil Barbara A Hogue Nadja C de Souza-Pinto Vilhelm A Bohr

Base excision repair is the main pathway for repair of oxidative base lesions in DNA. Mammalian cells must maintain genomic stability in their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, which have different degrees of vulnerability to DNA damage. This study quantifies DNA glycosylase activity in mitochondria and nucleus from C57/BL 6 mouse tissues including brain, liver, heart, muscle, kidney, and test...

Journal: :Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 2003
Peter Andolfatto J Mark Scriber Brian Charlesworth

Alternative alleles at a locus on the W chromosome of Papilio glaucus (causing dark or yellow wing colors, respectively) underlie a female-limited mimicry polymorphism thought to be maintained by balancing selection. In species with heterogametic females (i.e., the ZZ-male/ZW-female sex chromosome system), the mitochondrial DNA and the W chromosome are genetically linked because they are both m...

2014
Gerald Pfeffer Gráinne S Gorman Helen Griffin Marzena Kurzawa-Akanbi Emma L. Blakely Ian Wilson Kamil Sitarz David Moore Julie L. Murphy Charlotte L. Alston Angela Pyle Jon Coxhead Brendan Payne George H. Gorrie Cheryl Longman Marios Hadjivassiliou John McConville David Dick Ibrahim Imam David Hilton Fiona Norwood Mark R. Baker Stephan R. Jaiser Patrick Yu-Wai-Man Michael Farrell Allan McCarthy Timothy Lynch Robert McFarland Andrew M. Schaefer Douglass M. Turnbull Rita Horvath Robert W. Taylor Patrick F. Chinnery

Despite being a canonical presenting feature of mitochondrial disease, the genetic basis of progressive external ophthalmoplegia remains unknown in a large proportion of patients. Here we show that mutations in SPG7 are a novel cause of progressive external ophthalmoplegia associated with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. After excluding known causes, whole exome sequencing, targeted Sanger...

2011
Clio Der Sarkissian

................................................................................................... 10 Thesis declaration .................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgments ................................................................................... 12 General Introduction ..................................................................

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997
F M Yakes B Van Houten

A significant amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have suggested that mtDNA may accumulate more oxidative DNA damage relative to nuclear DNA. This study used quantitative PCR to examine the formation and repair of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in a 16.2-kb mitochondrial fragment and a 17.7-kb fragment flanki...

Journal: :Genetics and molecular research : GMR 2012
M C Chien W T Huang P W Wang C W Liou T K Lin C J Hsieh S W Weng

Hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species production can cause diabetes and its complications, including atherosclerosis. The role of mitochondrial DNA variants and mitochondrial copy number in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherogenesis is not well understood. We examined 36 diabetic patients who had undergone amputation for diabetic foot and seven non-diabetic patients who had undergone am...

Journal: :Brain : a journal of neurology 2014
Johannes F G Neuhaus Olivier R Baris Simon Hess Natasha Moser Hannsjörg Schröder Shankar J Chinta Julie K Andersen Peter Kloppenburg Rudolf J Wiesner

Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions is observed especially in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra during ageing and even more in Parkinson's disease. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction is suspected to play an important role in neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the preferential generation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in dopaminergic neurons ...

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