historically, central asia and the caucasus has been the source of important developments in the regional and global level. the whole geopolitical theories in the 20th and 21st century paid special attention to this area. geopolitical status of the region has posed challenges for residents and even neighbors of the region. these challenges can be described as the divergence factors. therefore, ...

We study the rates of convergence of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and posterior distribution in density estimation problems, where the densities are location or location-scale mixtures of normal distributions with the scale parameter lying between two positive numbers. The true density is also assumed to lie in this class with the true mixing distribution either compactly supported or...

Introduction Youth justice is still a fairly new aspect of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and the rest of the world. It was established on the premise that children and adults should be dealt with differently and separately in the criminal justice process, and since then a welfare model of youth justice has typically prevailed on an international level, with an emphasis upon t...

The Poincaré constant RY of a random variable Y relates the L2(Y )-norm of a function g and its derivative g′. Since RY −Var (Y ) is positive, with equality if and only if Y is normal, it can be seen as a distance from the normal distribution. In this paper we establish the best possible rate of convergence of this distance in the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, we show that RY is finite fo...

Dry dissection, a concept developed by Lawrence Stark, includes a variety of techniques designed to isolate internal neural control components by using cleverly designed stimulus or measurement protocols. As envisioned by Stark, the concept applies only to motor systems that have multiple stimulus inputs and/or response behaviors. A new application of independent component analysis (ICA) can be...

BACKGROUND There is limited data in the literature concerning the visual status and skills in children with learning disabilities, particularly within the Asian population. This study is aimed to determine visual acuity and visual skills in children with learning disabilities in primary schools within the suburban Kota Bharu district in Malaysia. METHODS We examined 1010 children with learnin...