The number of individuals allergic to plant pollen has recently been on a constant increase. The knowledge of diurnal distribution and abundance of allergenic pollen types, their patterns and response to source position and weather is useful to correlate hay fever symptoms with the presence of allergenic pollen in the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to determine diurnal distribution of to...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the diurnal rhythm of estrogens in normally cyclic women during reproductive life. DESIGN Multiple saliva sampling in normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life at different phases of their menstrual cycles was carried out. METHODS Salivary estradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected every 2 h for 24 h from 15 normally cyclic healthy ...

Eight major tidal constituents in the Sea of Okhotsk have been investigated using a numerical solution of tidal equations on a 59 space grid. The tides are dominated by the diurnal constituents. Diurnal tidal currents are enhanced in Shelikhov Bay and Penzhinskaya Guba, at Kashevarov Bank, in proximity to the Kuril Islands and at a few smaller locations. The major energy sink for diurnal tides ...

BACKGROUND Dopa responsive dystonia is characterized by progressive disabling dystonia, diurnal variation and a dramatic response to Levodopa. CASE CHARACTERISTICS Two siblings presented with regression of motor milestones and hypertonia in lower limbs. History of diurnal variation was present in elder sibling. OUTCOME Both responded dramatically to Levodopa. The genomic DNA analysis of eld...

PURPOSE Pediatric uroflowmetry curve interpretation is incompletely standardized. Thus, we propose new, objective patterning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uroflowmetry curves were obtained in 100 children presenting with daytime incontinence or enuresis. Each curve was compared with a standard curve generated from a published nomogram and a new patterning method was formulated. Staccato and interrup...

BACKGROUND Sex ratios are important empirical data in predicting sex allocation strategy and selection in populations. Therefore, they should be sampled at crucial developmental steps before and after parental investment. In parasites with free-living (off-host) developmental stages the timing and method of sampling is not trivial, because ecological niches are frequently poorly known. Conseque...

OBJECTIVES To identify different patterns (trajectories) of childhood urinary incontinence and examine which patterns are associated with bladder and bowel symptoms in adolescence. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS The starting sample included 8751 children (4507 men and 4244 women) with parent-reported data on frequency of bedwetting and daytime wet...

Introduction: The diurnal rhythm of saliva cortisol and its association to adaptation, performance and health were examined in personnel over-wintering at two British Antarctic stations. Methods: In total, 55 healthy individuals (49 males, 6 females) participated in the study. Cortisol in saliva was sampled on 3 consecutive days (at awakening, 15 and 45 min after waking, at 15.00 h, and 22.00 h...

Primary nocturnal enuresis. This is the recurrent involuntary passage of urine during sleep by a child aged 5 years or older, who has never achieved consistent night-time dryness. This may further be subdivided into: Primary nocturnal enuresis without daytime symptoms: children who have enuresis only at night. Primary nocturnal enuresis with daytime symptoms: those who also have daytime symptom...

BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are particularly common in the primary care setting, and are intimately interlinked with depression. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review the relationship between sleep and depression, with an emphasis on the foundation and clinical salience of this relationship. DISCUSSION Depression is the most common cause of insomnia, and insomnia is highly prevalent in depre...