BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies indirectly suggest that air pollution accelerates atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that individual exposure to particulate matter (PM) derived from fossil fuel would correlate with plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), taken as a marker of atherosclerosis. We tested this hypothesis in patients with diabetes, who are at high risk for at...

BACKGROUND The relationship between asthma and traffic-related pollutants has received considerable attention. The use of individual-level exposure measures, such as residence location or proximity to emission sources, may avoid ecological biases. METHOD This study focused on the pediatric Medicaid population in Detroit, MI, a high-risk population for asthma-related events. A population-based...

Road safety index is an important indicator that has been recently introduced as a useful tool to measure the quality of life in many countries and cities. Road safety index is a complex index and it has at least three main components, including road user behavior, vehicle safety, and road infrastructure effects. Many researchers have selected studying road performance from road safety index pe...

contrary to the past approaches, as the transportation speed and the number of vehicles have increased, nowadays, the major roads do not go through the cities and are laid out on the brink with a particular distance instead and linked with the city’s network through a set of connecting roads instead. construction of these connecting roads can have diverse effects on economic, social and cultura...

This paper presents the research results on the integration approach using a biologically inspired algorithm (LEGION) and a geometrically-inspired method (GAC) for target extraction from multiple-source remote-sensing imageries, specifically EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral (30-meter resolution), and IKONOS multispectral (4-meter resolution) images. An automatic road-extraction algorithm based on LE...

We sought to synthesize evidence of the health effects of construction of new roads by systematically reviewing observational studies of such effects. We included and critically appraised 32 studies. The review suggested that out-of-town bypasses decrease injuries on main roads through or around towns, although more robust evidence is needed on effects on secondary roads. New major urban roads ...