Pyrrole was polymerized onto commercial SFG10 graphite by in situ polymerization technique. Polymerization decreases the initial irreversible capacity loss of the graphite anode. The decrease in the irreversible capacity loss is due to the reduction in the thickness of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed. PPy/C (7.8%) gives the optimum performance based on the irreversible capaci...

background: the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of flat sheet membrane bioreactor (fs-mbr) in bod 5 and cod removal of isfahan south municipal wastewater treatment plant. methods: in this study a submerged fs-mbr, with 140 liters volume was fed using microfiltration membrane (mf) during 109 days and hydraulic retention time of 20 hours. findings: the mbr application in m...

Continuously scaling down and decreasing operation voltages of ICs, from the 5 V TTL-compatible voltage to 3.3 V, then 1.2 now 0.8 for low-power results in more stringent electrostatic discharge protection design requirements, such as a narrow ESD window, low voltage, high robustness. Based on traditional diode string diode-triggered silicon-controlled rectifiers, an enhanced rectifier is propo...

A model of a squeezer has been built and experiments are being made (see Fig. VIII-1). A 10-kv pulsed shielded cathode gun of perveance 106 is used to form the beam. The output cavity is very heavily loaded so that it can be used as an "ammeter" (low-impedance) to measure beam current. A polystyrene double-slug tuner allows us to vary the gap impedance over a range of approximately 36:1. The be...

This paper proposes an optimal grouping method for battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). Based on modeling the vehicle powertrain, analyzing the battery degradation performance and setting up the driving cycle of an EV, a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the battery grouping topology with the objective of minimizing the total cost of ownership (TCO). The battery capacity and th...

We present a non-dimensional gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster performance model. The analysis uses a circuit element discharge description and a snow-plow mass accumulation model with two non-dimensional parameters for an outer electrode geometry contour and an exponential mass distribution. Implementing a non-dimensional scheme is shown to reduce the number of free parameters in the equations fr...

Springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. In northern Iran, the karst springs locate in the central Alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the Caspian southern coasts.The Karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .This study ha...