OBJECTIVE To investigate the sources of cross-national variation in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the European Disability Weights Project. METHODS Disability weights for 15 disease stages were derived empirically in five countries by means of a standardized procedure and the cross-national differences in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were analysed. For each country the burden...

Background. Dementia affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Depression, is common in older adults with dementia. The concomitance of dementia and depression increases disability with impaired activities of daily living (ADL), increasing the chances of institutionalization and mortality. Methods. Cross-sectional study of a population 60 years and older who live in the State ...

Assessor bias variance exists for a psychological measure when some appreciable portion of the score variation that is assumed to reflect examinees' individual differences (i.e., the relevant phenomena in most psychological assessments) instead reflects differences among the examiners who perform the assessment. Ordinary test reliability estimates and standard errors of measurement do not inher...

The Flynn effect has been widely researched in Western and European nations, while it has been comparatively understudied in Asian countries. This study examines possible Flynn effects in China from 1985-86 and to 2011-12. Results are reported for an IQ increase among 12 year olds on the Full Scale IQ WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised) of 6.19 IQ points, a gain on the Pe...

We examine updated Wechsler IQ data in 7-year old twins from the Louisville Twin Study for evidence of an interaction between the heritability of IQ and socioeconomic status. Data records that had never been entered were recovered, allowing us to increase previously reported sample sizes by more than 20%. Twin families were assigned socioeconomic status scores using a Hollingshead index based o...

BACKGROUND Acute and chronic pain is common in hospitalized demented elderly people, yet there are limited data about the performance of pain assessment tools in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of four pain self-assessment scales in this population and compare their performance to an observational pain rating scale. METHODS Our prospectiv...

BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the role of physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the effect of 26 weeks (6 months) of a supervised aerobic exercise program on memory, executive function, functional ability and depression in early AD. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study was a 26-week randomized controlled trial comparing ...

Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 1994; 44: 2308–14. 17. O’Bryant SE, Waring SC, Cullum CM et al. Staging dementia using clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes scores. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 1091–5. 18. Cigolle CT, Ofstedal MB, Tian Z et al. Comparing models of frailty: the Health and Retirement Study. JAGS 2009; 57: 830–839. 19. Radloff L. The CE...

aim and background: one of the most important learning disabilities is spelling learning disability which is accompanied by memory problems and social skills. the main aim of present research was to review the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on memory and social skills of children with spelling learning disability. methods and materials: the research method of present study w...