In Multi-Agent systems, agents often need to make decisions about how to interact with each other when negotiating over task allocation. In this paper, we present OAR, a formal framework to address the question of how the agents should interact in an evolving environment in order to achieve their different goals. The traditional categorization of selfinterested and cooperative agents is unified...

Early research on implicit attitudes and implicit biases emphasized the “directness” of the link between apparent triggers of those attitudes and behavior. For example, Bargh and colleagues argued that there is a direct link between the perception of cues relevant to one’s implicit attitudes and behavior; they write (1996, 231): “social behavior is often triggered automatically on the mere pres...

The technically challenging field of single-molecule biophysics has established itself in the last decade by granting access to detailed information about the fate of individual biomolecules, unattainable in traditional biochemical assays. The appeal of single-molecules methods lies in the directness of the information obtained from individual biomolecules. Technological improvements in single-...

Three-dimensional computer-aided modeling of dynamic processes supported by virtual reality techniques such as 3D-stereo viewing and nD manipulation devices does not reach the usability (ease, concreteness, intuitiveness, directness) that we experience in modeling with real physical objects. Pure virtual prototyping may reduce cognition and communication. To solve this problem we introduce the ...

(Callisaurus draconoides) and two populations of greater earless lizards (Cophosaurus texanus). Lizards were approached in the field, and five measures of wariness were recorded. Callisaurus had significantly greater approach distance and greater final distance than did Cophosaurus. Among populations of Callisaurus, lizards were wariest at the site with the least plant cover. Within populations...

While research suggests that advertisers can affect a particular belief intended to be changed (the intended belief) either directly by mentioning it or indirectly by mentioning other beliefs associated with it, the consequences of the two approaches are not deafly understood. Also, relatively little attention has been paid to visual elements that are not equivalent, but related, to verbal cont...

The continuously growing number of people participating in Internet-based, online, political activism suggests that the latter has potential to replace offline forms unconventional participation future. If is case, it essential understand nature and objectives such type participation. This article addresses question distinctive preconditions online activism. As a result mixed-effect logistic re...

In this study, we investigate two types of indirectness in East Asian context, namely, native Korean and Chinese speakers' understanding (i.e. first order indirectness) their linguistic performance second indirectness). comparison to western counterparts, communities have often been labeled as being indirect, while little attention has paid the variations indirectness. Our study explores topic ...