Heparin is a complex glycosaminoglycan, derived mainly from pig mucosa, used therapeutically for its anticoagulant activity. Yet, owing largely to the chain complexity, progressive effects of environmental conditions on heparin structure have not been fully described. A systematic study influence acidic hydrolysis length and substitution has therefore conducted. Changes in sulfation pattern, mo...

Three related forms of phenol sulfotransferase (PSULT), thermostable ST1A2 (SULT1A2hum) and ST1A3 (SULT1A1hum) and a thermolabile TL-PST (SULT1A3hum), are known to exist in human livers. Thermostable forms, whose activities are polymorphically distributed, have been shown to mediate the bioactivation of carcinogenic N-hydroxy arylamines and heterocyclic amines. To clarify the nature of the sulf...

Glucuronidation and sulfation are phase 2 metabolic reactions catalyzed by large families of different isoenzymes in man. The textbook view that glucuronidation and sulfation lead to the production of harmless conjugates for simple excretion is not valid. Biologically active and toxic sulfates and glucuronides are produced and leed to adverse drug reactions, including immune hypersensitivity. C...

Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are more resistant than most other cell types to the classical effects of brefeldin A (BFA) treatment, the induction of retrograde transport of Golgi cisternae components to the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), and proteins in the Golgi apparatus is dramatically...

During lymphocyte homing, L-selectin mediates the tethering and rolling of lymphocytes on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in secondary lymphoid organs. The L-selectin ligands on HEV are a set of mucin-like glycoproteins, for which glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1) is a candidate. Optimal binding in equilibrium measurements requires sulfation, sialylation, and fucosylat...

The ability of heparin glycosaminoglycan to prevent formation of the properdin-stabilized amplification C3 convertase is independent of antithrombin binding activity and requires substitution of the amino sugar and a degree of oxygen (O)-sulfation which could be on the uronic acid or the amino sugar. Preparations of heparin glycosaminoglycan isolated by different techniques from different speci...

Proteoglycans (PGs) regulate diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) by interacting with a number of growth factors, matrix proteins, and cell surface molecules. Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are two major glycosaminoglycans present in the PGs of the CNS. The functionality of these PGs is to a large extent dictated by the fine sulfation patterns present on thei...

Protein tyrosine O-sulfation is a post-translational modification mediated by one of two Golgi tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST1 and TPST2) that catalyze the transfer of sulfate to tyrosine residues in secreted and transmembrane proteins. Tyrosine sulfation plays a role in protein-protein interactions in several well defined systems. Although dozens of tyrosine-sulfated proteins are known...