Let Z2 = {0, 1} and G = (V ,E) be a graph. A labeling f : V → Z2 induces an edge labeling f* : E →Z2 defined by f*(uv) = f(u).f (v). For i ε Z2 let vf (i) = v(i) = card{v ε V : f(v) = i} and ef (i) = e(i) = {e ε E : f*(e) = i}. A labeling f is said to be Vertex-friendly if | v(0) − v(1) |≤ 1. The vertex balance index set is defined by {| ef (0) − ef (1) | : f is vertex-friendly}. In this paper ...

Let $G$ be a graph with $p$ vertices and $q$ edges. The graph $G$ is said to be a super pair sum labeling if there exists a bijection $f$ from $V(G)cup E(G)$ to ${0, pm 1, pm2, dots, pm (frac{p+q-1}{2})}$ when $p+q$ is odd and from $V(G)cup E(G)$ to ${pm 1, pm 2, dots, pm (frac{p+q}{2})}$ when $p+q$ is even such that $f(uv)=f(u)+f(v).$ A graph that admits a super pair sum labeling is called a {...

The apolar azide of 5-iodonaphthalene-1-azide (Ina) partitions into the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. Upon photolysis at 314 nm, it is rapidly converted into the reactive nitrene, which efficiently attaches covalently to lipid-embedded domains of proteins and, to a lesser extent, to membrane phospholipids. Above 370 nm, Ina absorption is negligible and photolysis at these wavelengths d...

Pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies of liposomal drugs in humans are a challenge. A direct labeling method using (99m)Tc-N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethyl-ethylenediamine (BMEDA) complex to label the commercially available pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, Doxil, has been introduced. Biodistributions of (99m)Tc-Doxil in normal rats were performed to evaluate the feasibility of us...

Microarrays have been extensively used to investigate genome-wide expression patterns. Although this technology has been tremendously successful, several practical issues would benefit from improvements in design. Here we describe a novel, efficient labeling methodology that uses carbodiimide-linked cyanine dyes to directly chemically label cDNA derived from mouse total RNA. Using this protocol...