Results: Our sample size is too small to draw empirical conclusions about whether clickers alone improve grades, but subjectively there was a clear improvement in the classroom dynamic when using the clicker technology. The students were engaged and enjoyed the immediate feedback and resulting peer interaction. The instant feedback also enabled the professor to recognize and address a grammatic...

We consider the use of evolving algebra methods of specifying grammars for natural languages. We are especially interested in distributed evolving algebras. We provide the motivation for doing this, and we give a reconstruction of some classical grammatical formalisms in directly dynamic terms. Finally, we consider some technical questions arising from the use of direct dynamism in grammatical ...

POS Taggers typically fail to correctly tag grammatical neologisms: for a known word, most taggers will only take known tags into account, and hence discard the possibility that that word is used in a novel or deviant grammatical category in a new text. Grammatical neologisms are relatively rare, and therefore do not pose a significant problem for the overall performance of a tagger. But for st...

We describe extensions to a scheme for evaluating parse selection accuracy based on named grammatical relations between lemmatised lexical heads. The scheme is intended to directly reflect the task of recovering grammatical and logical relations, rather than more arbitrary details of tree topology. There is a manually annotated test suite of 500 sentences which has been used by several groups t...

Background: Corrective feedback plays the role of enabling both teachers and learners to gauge their performance reflect on development. It can vary in nature, amount, focus; nevertheless, its centrality classroom cannot be ignored. At same time, what makes it effective is way communicated. The Written Feedback (WCF) vital as a corrective measure durability for future reference. Foreign ...

If word strings violate grammatical rules, they elicit neurophysiological brain responses commonly attributed to a specifically human language processor or grammar module. However, an ungrammatical string of words is always also a very rare sequence of events and it is, therefore, not always evident whether specifically linguistic processes are at work when neurophysiological grammar indexes ar...

The value of written corrective feedback (CF) has been an issue of considerable debate in the literature (e.g. Truscott, 1996; Ferris, 1999), and this polemic has lead to a trend in recent studies to draw on second language acquisition (SLA) research as a way to further comprehend the intricacies of this complex issue. Indeed, Ellis, Sheen Murakami and Takashima (2008) delineate between focused...

We consider the use of evolving algebra methods of specifying grammars for natural languages. We are especially interested in distributed evolving algebras. We provide the motivation for doing this, and we give a reconstruction of some classical grammatical formalisms in directly dynamic terms. Finally, we consider some technical questions arising from the use of direct dynamism in grammatical ...

This paper aimed at examining the Iranian EFL teachers and learners’ preferences for two types of direct oral corrective feedback, including explicit correction and metalinguistic clues, and two types of indirect oral corrective feedback, including recast and repetition. The participants included 39 teachers and 84 EFL learners, selected through purposive sampling. A scenario-based questionnair...