Introduction: there is no consensus on the ideal anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy in ambulatory facilities. spinal anesthesia and venous propofol associated with local perianal block (combined anesthesia) are frequently used, and their direct costs may be crucial for the anesthesia type selection. the objective of this study was to compare the direct costs of anesthesia-related materials in hemo...

A pilot study to evaluate the direct cost of treating 51 adults and 50 children with bronchial asthma was conducted. All aspects of the medical care provided over a 6-month period were considered. The mean treatment costs per month were US dollars 22.97 (adults) and US dollars 15.56 (children). The cost of maintenance therapy accounted for 55.5% and 73.4% of the total direct cost treatment for ...

PURPOSE Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a common problem for patients undergoing surgery. Heat redistribution from the body's core to the periphery after induction of anesthesia is the major contributor. DESIGN A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine if reflective blankets are more effective than cotton blankets in reducing the core-peripheral temperature...

Lead (Pb2+) is a well known neurotoxin that was frequently found in the environment and chronic exposure to lead has been matter of public health. In the present study the effect of lead on spatial memory in developmentally exposed rats and their dams in Morris water maze task were investigated. Female rats were divided into three groups and two groups exposed to 250 and 750 part per million (p...

OBJECTIVE To assess direct costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To determine which variables, including country, predict costs. METHODS 216 patients with AS from the Netherlands, France, and Belgium participated in a two year observational study and filled in bimonthly economic questionnaires. Disease related healthcare resource use was measured and direct costs were calculated ...

The direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) was compared with culture for test-of-cure analysis for Chlamydia trachomatis in patients 7 to 10 days after antimicrobial therapy was given. DFA test-of-cure results correlated with culture results in 79.5% of 39 patients. Of DFA-negative patients, 97% had negative cultures. Six of seven patients with borderline DFA results had negative culture results.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that electroencephalogram (EEG) bispectral index (BIS) monitoring can improve recovery after anaesthesia and save money by shortening patients' postoperative stay. We wanted to evaluate the direct costs of BIS monitoring and to measure immediate recovery after anaesthesia in patients with or without BIS monitoring. METHODS Eighty patients undergoing gy...

The mere exposure effect is defined as enhanced attitude toward a stimulus that has been repeatedly exposed. Repetition priming is defined as facilitated processing of a previously exposed stimulus. We conducted a direct comparison between the two phenomena to test the assumption that the mere exposure effect represents an example of repetition priming. In two experiments, having studied a set ...

BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common problem worldwide. We evaluated the direct medical costs of treating patients with refractory CSU and the budget effect of omalizumab use in these patients in Kuwait. METHODS The prevalence of CSU was estimated using the Delphi method. Medical records of patients with refractory CSU in Kuwait were reviewed. Costs were calculated from ...

This study analyzed the approximate cost of treatment of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of imported malaria in Slovakia. Between 2003 and 2007, 15 patients with imported malaria were hospitalized. The mean direct cost of the treatment was 970.75 euros and the mean indirect cost was 53.15 euros. For the patient with the highest cost of treatment, the use of mefloquine prophylaxis would h...