Membrane distillation is a process that utilizes differences in vapor pressure to permeate water through a macro-porous membrane and reject other non-volatile constituents present in the influent water. This review considers the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes in membrane distillation, recent advances in membrane technology, module configurations, and the applications and economics...

Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) is constantly acknowledged in the research literature as a promising technology for future of desalination, with an increasing number studies reported year after year. However, real MD applications still lag behind only few pilot-plant tests worldwide. The lack transfer from academia to industry caused by important gaps between its fundamental basis and proce...

The possibility of applying membrane distillation to support the fermentation process was investigated. The capillary polypropylene membranes were assembled in the membrane modules. The studies were carried out using the standard solutions containing the compounds frequently occurring in the broths such as ethanol, citric, acetic and lactic acids, glycerol and 1,3-propanediol. The performance o...

Membrane distillation (MD) has unique advantages in the treatment of high-salt wastewater because it can make full use low-grade heat sources. The high salinity mine water western mining areas China is rich Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42? and HCO3?. In MD process, inorganic substances feed will cause membrane fouling. At same time, low surface tension organic which could be introduced process irreversible we...

The latest developments and applications of hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) were discussed in this recent published book. Membrane contactor provides gas–liquid or liquid–liquid contact without dispersion one phase another, which gives a higher mass transfer coefficient compared to the conventional contactors. Using microporous hydrophobic hydrophilic membrane, fluids is immobilized po...

In this paper, we address the conceptual design of the bioethanol process from switchgrass via gasification. A superstructure is postulated for optimizing energy use that embeds direct or indirect gasification, followed by steam reforming or partial oxidation. Next, the gas composition is adjusted with membrane-PSA or water gas shift. Membrane separation, absorption with ethanol-amines and PSA ...

background several studies have shown that species of the genus hyptis, have promising antimicrobial and antifungal effects. objectives identify of chemical constituents of essential oil from leaves of hyptis martiusii and evaluate its effect against bacterial strains by direct and gaseous contact. materials and methods essential oil was extracted from leaves of hyptis martiusii benth using hyd...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations carried out in this paper show that spacer orientation has a major influence on temperature patterns and on the heat transfer rates. The local heat flux values significantly vary from high to very low values at each filament when spacer touches the membrane surface. The heat flux profile is more uniform when spacer filaments are not in contact with...