The isotope dilution technique for measuring total body water (TBW), and the doubly labelled water (DLW) method for measuring energy expenditure, are both sensitive to small variations in the ratio of the hydrogen to oxygen-18 dilution space. Since the dilution space ratio varies between individuals, there has been much recent debate over what causes this variability (i.e. physiological differe...

Cardiac output is often measured by indicator dilution techniques, usually based on dye or cold saline injections. Developments of more stable ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) are leading to new noninvasive indicator dilution methods. However, several problems concerning the interpretation of dilution curves as detected by ultrasound transducers have arisen. This paper presents a method for blo...

Xanthan gum is exo-polysaccharide, produced by Xanthomonas campestris. Considering a reactor operating in continuous mode, optimum dilution rate is determined by maximization condition. Optimum dilution rate is the dilution rate at which the productivity of xanthan gum is maximum. The current work is focused on implementing an algorithm for design of reactor, having optimum dilution rate as the...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of autoantibodies with mimicking specificity by using the dilution technique, to assess the usefulness of the combination of the dilution technique and red blood cell (RBC) phenotyping, and to establish a pre-transfusion testing algorithm in patients with warm autoantibodies. METHODS Serum samples from 71 patients with warm aut...

Ellis, Kenneth J., and William W. Wong. Human hydrometry: comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance with H2O and bromine dilution. J. Appl. Physiol. 85(3): 1056–1062, 1998.—The traditional method of assessing total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) has been the use of isotopes, on the basis of the dilution principle. Although the development o...

A comparative study of DC, RF and VHF excitation for the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of intrinsic layers of a-Si:H is presented, with special emphasis on the effects of hydrogen dilution. Growth rates at comparable plasma power, for substrate temperatures between 100°C and 300°C and for various H2 dilution ratios are presented, along with optical bandgap, H content, and el...

Stroop dilution refers to the observation that the impact of a color word on the naming of a color bar is reduced if another word-like object is displayed simultaneously. Recently, Brown, Roos-Gilbert, and Carr (1995) concluded that Stroop dilution is due to early-visual interference. This conclusion was evaluated in three experiments. Experiment 1 showed that, contrary to the predictions of an...

A recent Letter to the Editor (Clin. Chem. 25:812, 1979) deals with inhibition by bilirubin of y-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) in the Du Pont aca. We also studied this (I), and agree with the author. To overcome this problem, we propose that serum with high concentrations of bilirubin be diluted with physiological saline, 100-fold being the most convenient dilution in view of the fact that A...