A sharp TH1/TH2 dichotomy has often been used to define the effects of cytokines on autoimmune diseases. However contradictory results in recent research indicate that the situation may be more complex. Here, we build a simple mathematical model aimed at settling the contradictions. The model is applied using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). We show here that a TH1/TH2 paradigm is only an...

Five cases of elastofibroma dorsi are described. The location of the lesions (bilateral in one case) was typical, in the thoracoscapular region. In the first case the diagnosis was established by biopsy; in the remaining cases the diagnosis was suspected based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings and was confirmed by histopathological study after surgical excision. Although these...

Cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in acute care require rapid, critical decision making, often with limited clinical information. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) can aid in diagnosis by providing information that may not be evident from a patient's medical history, physical examination, and ancillary tests. Eight cases are presented in which FOCUS drastically altered the management o...

Abstract In this Note we consider a quadratic backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) driven by a continuous martingale M and whose generator is a deterministic function. We prove (in Theorem 2.1) that if M is a strong homogeneous Markov process and if the BSDE has the form (1.2) then the unique solution (Y, Z,N) of the BSDE is reduced to (Y, Z), i.e. the orthogonal martingale N is equ...

Concepts of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment are often used interchangeably. However, they are not one and the same, and understanding subtle difference among them is important. Following a review of the literature for definitions and uses of the terms, the author provides a summary focused on similarities and differences in the processes of critical thinking, clinic...

Immunologic analysis has greatly improved diagnostic accuracy in several clinically important areas, however, the ultimate goal of a lymphoma classification based on immunophenotype has not been reached and may not be forthcoming. In the evaluation of a patient suspected of having lymphoma, lymphocyte marker studies may be essential for a correct diagnosis, helpful but not essential, or entirel...

In this article, the boundary value method is applied to solve three dimensional elliptic and hyperbolic partial differential equations. The partial derivatives with respect to two of the spatial variables (y, z) are discretized using finite difference approximations to obtain a large system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the third spatial variable (x). Using interpolation and col...

Neurosarcoidosis is frequently on the differential diagnosis for neurohospitalists. The diagnosis can be challenging due to the wide variety of clinical presentations as well as the limitations of noninvasive diagnostic testing. This article briefly touches on systemic features that may herald suspicion of this disorder and then expands in depth on the neurological clinical presentations. Commo...

BACKGROUND The majority of drug-induced pancreatitis cases are mild to moderate in severity, but severe and even fatal cases can occur. Management of drug-induced pancreatitis requires withdrawal of the offending agent and supportive care. METHODS This review focuses on differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, drug-mediated effects, treatments, and mechanisms of pancreatitis, with an em...

Objective: The study aim is to present the clinical, radiological aspects and treatment of this disease from the neurosurgical standpoint using a literature review and an illustrative case. Methods: A PubMed research was done with the terms “tophaceous gout”, “spine”, and “diagnosis”. We reviewed these articles and compared it with an illustrative case here presented. Results: According to a re...