Some organophosphorus compounds are toxic because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by phosphylation of the active site serine, forming a stable conjugate: Ser-O-P(O)-(Y)-(XR) (where X can be O, N, or S and Y can be methyl, OR, or SR). The inhibited enzyme can undergo an aging process, during which the X-R moiety is dealkylated by breaking either the P-X or the X-R bond depending on the ...

Background: Pesticide poisoning is a common method of suicide attempt and less commonly accidental poisoning in Bangladesh. This review for the first time estimated the extent and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Bangladesh and explored existing limitations in methodologies of studies done on poisoning in the country. Methods: A narrative search in electronic medical databases includin...

Farmworkers are exposed to pesticides and may take home pesticide residues to their families. In this paper, self-reported pesticide exposure and home practices to reduce the amount of pesticide residues taken home were examined among 571 farmworkers. Urine samples from a subsample of farmworkers and children and dust samples from households and vehicles also assessed pesticide exposure. Overal...

Leaching is an unavoidable phenomenon associated with the pesticide applications. Leaching of pesticide does not only indicate the efficiency of a pesticide molecule, but also degree of the environmental contamination. Leaching is the process by which a pesticide molecule enters the soil-water ecosystem. Hence, to access the leaching behavior of a pesticide molecule, various models are used glo...

The objective of this study was to explore work-related risk factors of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among male farmers according to the severity of the poisoning. A nationwide sampling survey of male farmers was conducted in South Korea in 2011. A total of 1,958 male farmers were interviewed. Severity of occupational pesticide poisoning in 2010 was evaluated according to symptoms, ty...

Farmers, policy makers, and other stakeholders seek tools to quantitatively assess pesticide risks for mitigating pesticide impacts on ecosystem and human health. This paper presents the Pesticide Use Risk Evaluation (PURE) decision support system (DSS) for evaluating site-specific pesticide risks to surface water, groundwater, soil, and air across pesticide active ingredient (AI), pesticide pr...

Pesticide exposure is one of the most important occupational risks in Thailand. A specific community based participatory model to reduce pesticide risk behaviors among rubber farmers in the Southern of Thailand remains limited. The study objectives were: (1) to develop community based participatory model to reduce pesticide risk behaviors among rubber farmers; and (2) to evaluate their knowledg...

AIM This study assesses the association between pesticide exposure in pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB) and shortened gestation. METHODS Pregnancy information was abstracted from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Non-Public Use Natality Datasets 1990-2005. Pesticide use in maternal county of residence was calculated using California Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) data 1990-2005. Counties were...

background: migrant farmworkers are prone to several psychosocial stressors. objective: to investigate the effect of perceived psychosocial factors on pesticide exposure among seasonal migrant hispanic farmworkers in north carolina, usa. methods: a cross-sectional interview survey of 187 seasonal migrant farmworkers of mexican descent, identified from labor camps located in rural counties in no...

Agricultural pesticide use in Viet Nam has more than tripled since 1990. However, pesticide legislation and regulations have not been developed in response to this large increase in usage, as a result of which pesticides pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. This paper identifies the need to improve pesticide regulations in Viet Nam through a comparative analysis of pestici...