architecture of the maize leaf epidermis would make any bricklayer proud. Most of the epidermal cells arise through symmetric divisions in which new cell walls are made either parallel or perpendicular to the long axis of the mother cell. Long, parallel rows of rectangular cells are the result. Specialised cell types, however, are formed through asymmetric divisions. These include the diamond-s...

Nanoscale wear is a key limitation of conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes that results in decreased resolution, accuracy, and reproducibility in probe-based imaging, writing, measurement, and nanomanufacturing applications. Diamond is potentially an ideal probe material due to its unrivaled hardness and stiffness, its low friction and wear, and its chemical inertness. However, the...

This paper reviews existing studies and investigates thermal operational regimes of diamond bit during drilling operations. The operating temperature of the diamond core drill is studied under bench condition and an optimal thermal range are presented. Based on this study, it was noted that glazing of diamond tools is observed at temperatures less than 327°C, and normal wear of diamond tools is...

Manipulation of a magnetic state by a spin-polarized current is one of the exciting topics in solid state physics. We succeeded in driving a magnetic domain wall (DW) in magnetic nanowire by an electric current flowing through the wire. Figure 1 (a) shows a schematic illustration of a top view of a sample. One end of the L-shaped wire is connected to a diamond shaped pad which acts as a DW inje...

In the present study, heat transfer and thermal efficiency of double-pipe exchangers with novel Double-Perforated Inclined Elliptic (DPIE) turbulators were experimentally investigated. The range Reynolds number was between 5000 18,000 under turbulent flow regime. inclination angle elliptic inserts (?), perforation diameters (d) varied from 15° to 25°, 0.5 mm < d 1.5 mm, respectively. perforated...

In multitype lattice gas models with hard-core interaction of Widom Rowlinson type, there is a competition between the entropy due to the large number of types, and the positional energy and geometry resulting from the exclusion rule and the activity of particles. We investigate this phenomenon in four different models on the square lattice: the multitype Widom Rowlinson model with diamond-shap...

During fabrication of bonded ceramic restorations, cervical adaptation, occlusal adjustment and final finishing/polishing are procedures to be performed at the dental office after adhesive cementation. Final adjustments may result in loss of ceramic glaze, which requires new polishing of the ceramic surface, with special attention for selection of adequate materials and instruments. The purpose...

The effect of 5 different surface conditioning methods on bonding of metal brackets to cast dental alloys was examined. The surface conditioning methods were fine (30-microm) or rough (125-microm) diamond bur, sandblasting (50-microm or 110-microm aluminum oxide [Al2O3]), and silica coating (30-microm silica). Fifty disc-shaped specimens of 5 different alloys (gold-silver, palladium-silver, nic...

Analysis of the induced stress on undoped and boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films by confocal Raman microscopy is performed in this study to investigate its correlation with sample chemical composition and the substrate used during fabrication. Knowledge of this nature is very important to the issue of long-term stability of BDD coated neurosurgical electrodes that will be used in fast-scan cy...