1. The most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. Because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. It seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. The second most important challenge is ...

personalized medicine is a set of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in which medical interventions are carried out based on individual patient characteristics. as life expectancy increases in developed and developing countries, the incidence of diseases such as cancer goes up among people in the community. cancer is a disease that the response to treatment varies from one person...

background: activity based costing (abc) is one of the new methods began appearing as a costing methodol­ogy in the 1990's. it calculates cost price by determining the usage of resources. in this study, abc method was used for calculating cost price of remedial services in hospitals. methods: to apply abc method, shahid faghihi hospital was selected. first, hospital units were divided into thre...

this review gives an overview of our recent findings and developments in research on brain mechanisms of morphine reward from studies using the place preference conditioning paradigm. intracranial place conditioning methodology has become a valuable and firmly established and very widely used tool in behavioural pharmacology and drug reward mechanisms. several studies have established that morp...

aim : the aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative abdominal ultrasonography in suspected appendicitis, and equivocal exam. background : acute appendicitis is a common problem and occasional challenging diagnosis in emergency department of every general hospital. patients and methods : within a period of one year from march 2007 through march 2008, all patient with suspecte...

conclusions: the potent effect of corticosteroids in the rapid improvement of respiratory compromise associated with thyroid lymphoma represents an important clinical finding. this opens the possibility for the favorable response to corticosteroid therapy to be regarded as a possible preliminary diagnostic tool for thyroid lymphoma in acute respiratory distress patients in the absence of trache...

background: sarcocystosis is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in cattle caused by three main species of sarcocystis genus. the major aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in meat produced in yazd, central iran with special reference to species identification, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp).  method...

introduction: the role of ultrasonography in detection of pleural effusion has long been a subject of interest but controversial results have been reported. accordingly, this study aims to conduct a systematic review of the available literature on diagnostic value of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of pleural effusion through a meta-analytic approach. methods: an extended search wa...