in regional level, iran-iraq war had a great impact on neighboring states' foreign policy approach, especially on gulf arab states. these states adopted a new approach in their relations with iran and iraq considering the ideological and revolutionary threat of iran. after iraqi invasion against iran, gulf arab states affected by nationalism movement, sported iraq extensively. their policy...

china has been in a process of intensive industrialisation in recent years; and as a result, the country is now one of the largest growing economies in the world. throughout the 1970s and 1980s, china was exporting oil, but in 1993 it became to an importer of oil. china's economic growth in recent years has turned the country into the second biggest consumer of energy and the third largest impo...

since the advent of islamic revolution in 1979 and due to foreign exchange controls by the central bank of iran, the black market value of the iranian rial had declined substantially as compared to its official value. in several articles published in professional journals i have first identified factors which has caused the rial to decline. i have then investigated the impact on iranian economy...

as putin regained the power in russia, the situation gave a second chance to this country to avoid both the west and the benefits of convergence with its foreign policy and regional and trans-regional equations. this can take advantages from other side. approach of russia to divergence and independence with the west will increase level of russian hegemony on international arena. the main questi...