The onset of phytoplankton blooms in late winter, early spring has been traditionally associated with the shoaling of the mixed layer above a critical depth. Here we show that the onset of a bloom can also be triggered by a reduction in air-sea fluxes at the end of winter. When net cooling subsides at the end of winter, turbulent mixing becomes weak, thereby increasing the residence time of phy...

It has been recommended that the prescription of dental radiographic examinations be based on a series of selection criteria. This study evaluated the usefulness of the presence of a large or deep restoration as an indicator for the need for a radiographic examination. Patients in need of routine examinations were questioned regarding pain in restored teeth. The radiographs of 2269 restored tee...

The goal of this work was to study long-term behavior of anaerobically digested and dewatered sludge (biosolids) in a lagoon under anaerobic and aerobic conditions to determine the stability of the final product as an indicator of its odor potential. Field lagoons were sampled to estimate spatial and temporal variations in the physical-chemical properties and biological stability characteristic...

We propose several augmented reality overlays for visual guidance in training for laparoscopic surgery using a 2D display, with the goal of aiding the user’s perception of depth and space in that limiting environment. A pilot study of 30 subjects (22 male and 8 female) is presented with results showing the effect of the various overlays on subject performance of a path following task in the Com...

A data depth is one of the most important concepts of nonparametric multivariate analysis. Several depth functions have been introduced since 1980. The halfspace depth is probably the most popular. This depth function has many desirable properties (they are stated in the general definition of statictical depth function). We show a way of generalization of the halfspace depth finding a broader c...

This paper studies single-image depth perception in the wild, i.e., recovering depth from a single image taken in unconstrained settings. We introduce a new dataset “Depth in the Wild” consisting of images in the wild annotated with relative depth between pairs of random points. We also propose a new algorithm that learns to estimate metric depth using annotations of relative depth. Compared to...

Introduction: Differential diagnosis of skeletal and dental relationships is crucial for planning orthodontic treatment. Overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) had been introduced in the past for assessment of vertical and sagittal jaw relationships, respectively. Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of ODI and APDI i...

A catadioptric stereo system has been developed for depth perception. The system uses two sets of planar mirrors to create two virtual cameras. A design procedure is presented with the aim of building a compact assembly. This has resulted in an inexpensive and compact system that achieves a depth resolution of 5.8 cm at a working distance of 2 m.

manufacturing process frequently employs optimization of machining parameters in order to improve product quality as well as to enhance productivity. the material removal rate is a significant indicator of the productivity and cost efficiency of the process. taguchi method has been implemented for assessing favorable (optimal) machining condition during the machining of nylon by considering thr...