The alcoholic extract of the shoot of H. perforatum shows strong antioxidant property. It possesses the iron chelation property with more affinity to the ferrous form. It has scavenging property for both superoxide and for hydroxyl radicals but the response is more towards the superoxide radicals. Thus in addition to the anti-depressant property it has strong antioxidant property also.

The Open Field Test situation is reported to produce autonomic nervous system re activity determined emotional freezing and defecation (1, 2), cortical excitation determined rearing activity (3), and corpus striatum activity determined stereotyped ambulation (4, 5). Thus autonomic depressant drugs reduce emotional freezing (6), cortical excitant drugs augment rearing (7, 8), and hallucinatory d...

A double-blind controlled comparative trial of Dothiepin was carried out in Psychiatric Hospital, for comparing its efficacy with that of Imipramine, in the treatment of depression and also to compare the incidence and severity of side effects of the two drug;. Dothicpin hydrochloride is a tricyclic anti-depressant drug with pharmacological properties common to Imipramine Amitryptline and relat...

BACKGROUND Morphine's metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), activates the mu-opioid receptor. Previous data suggest that M6G activates a unique M6G receptor that is selectively antagonized by 3-methoxynaltrexome (3mNTX). The authors compared the effects of M6G and morphine on breathing in the anesthetized cat and assessed whether 3mNTX reversal was selective for M6G. METHODS Step changes ...

Dioscorea bulbifera commonly known as Varahikanda, is widely distributed throughout the India, and it has been traditionally used for the treatment of nervous excitability, senility and hysteria. Based on this, neuropharmacological activity of tubers of D. bulbifera was evaluated using various experimental models. Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Dioscorea bulbifera tubers (DBE) (10,30,100,...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Predicting the risk of drug-induced adverse psychiatric effects is important but currently not possible in non-human species. We investigated whether the affective bias test (ABT) could provide a preclinical method with translational and predictive validity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The ABT is a bowl-digging task, which quantifies biases associated with learning and memory...

RATIONALE Studies of hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons that innervate the genioglossus muscle, an upper airway dilator, suggested that the suppression of upper airway motor tone during REM sleep is caused by withdrawal of excitation mediated by norepinephrine and serotonin. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine whether antagonism of aminergic receptors located in the XII nucleus region can ...

As recombinant viruses expressing scorpion toxins are moving closer toward the market, it is important to obtain large amounts of pure toxin for biochemical characterization and the evaluation of biological activity in nontarget organisms. In the past, we purified a large amount of Androctonus australis anti-insect toxin (AaIT) present in the venom of A. australis with an analytical reversed-ph...

Whether prenatal stress (PNS) and gonadal hormones may influence depressive behavior of rats in the forced swim test was investigated. In Experiment I, adult diestrous female rats had increased immobility, which is indicative of depression, but did not show any significant difference in the duration of struggling compared to intact adult males. In Experiment 2, the behavior of adult intact, cas...

Mild to moderate depression (MMD) is becoming a health burden due its increasing prevalence. Current treatment options are not effective in all patients. Hence, researchers have studied herbal options. It has emerged research that saffron can be used for the of MMD anti-depressant properties. This literature review focussed on by comparing placebo and current antidepressants. Overall, shown red...