This paper is a response to Pan Wei’s rule of law regime reform proposal. It agrees with Pan that the direction of political reform taken and discussed inside China is indeed different from the democratization that has been pushed by outside pro-democracy activists, including Chinese dissidents. While some Chinese scholars and think-tank analysts talk about political reform, they are not propos...

I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced national defense spending by reference to a panel 110 countries over 1972–2013 period. apply new data from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute on military expenditures, which has been extended years prior 1988, and four measures address differences among indices democracy. The results dynamic model suggest that democracy’s re...

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This article argues that the effect of economic crises on democratic transition is contingent on economic structure. Specifically, a high level of state engagement in the economy makes social forces dependent on the ruling elites for patrimonial interests and, therefore, the authoritarian regime liable for economic failure. Moreover, when authoritarian elites own a high share of economic assets...

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Traditionally, the most commonly used source of bibliometric data is Thomson ISI Web of Knowledge, in particular the (Social) Science Citation Index and the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which provide the yearly Journal Impact Factors (JIF). This paper presents an alternative source of data (Google Scholar, GS) as well as three alternatives to the JIF to assess journal impact (the h-index, g-...

Democratization has brought about a tremendous impact on the rigid social structure in post-colonial India. Modern education been key factor transforming society, especially deep-seated traditions of inequality and harsh realities discriminatory practices. Given deepening widening post-reform era, this paper seeks to explore significance rethinking critical realm India's public sphere as vital ...