E-government’s rise to prominence in the early 1990s was met with great enthusiasm amidst the promise that information communication technologies (ICTs) might fulfill the demands and expectations for improved democratic governance. Since then, significant progress has been made in terms of information provision and delivery of public services; yet, dialogue, a core dimension of democratic gover...

the modern state is a renewable and evolutionary phenomenon and it cannot be evaluated so that it has single cause. therefore none of the fields of the human sciences alone cannot fully explain the emergence of the modern state without interaction with other disciplines. political superstructure in various countries, primarily influenced by the social and cultural systems of communities as the ...

The public’s request to be informed, consulted and finally to participate in the decisionmaking process is one of the most significant features of modern times. Although this demand can only really be satisfied in democratic countries where appropriate procedures exist, it has been extended to even more numerous and varied fields, whether at local, national or international level: the principle...

The number of political parties and the type of electoral system may impact the level of democratic functioning within a government. Models are used to explore whether the number of political parties increases a country’s democracy score on the POLITY IV measure of democracy, and whether countries with proportional representation electoral systems have higher democracy scores than those without...

The past decade has seen intensified calls for the reform of democratic political institutions in Canada, on the grounds that there is a “democracy deficit” at the level of federal politics. Some commentators have even begun to describe the country as a “banana republic,” or a “friendly dictatorship.” Yet any attempt to assess the state of democracy in Canada must naturally presuppose some theo...

In Black and Blue, Paul Frymer describes how the American State’s fragmented labor policy in the mid 20th century caused the labor movement to clash with the civil rights movement, resulting in the integration of labor unions via financially crippling litigation and organized labor’s permanent decline. Specifically, the Wagner Act of 1935 authorized workers to elect their own unions representat...