BACKGROUND Pediculosis, caused by head lice (Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus var. capitis), is experiencing a global resurgence, with the prevalence in primary schools averaging as high as 40% in some areas regardless of socioeconomic factors. Control efforts using chemical treatments are becoming increasingly ineffective, with insecticide resistance recorded in several countries. Prevention usi...

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence academic achievement for dental students during their first semester of graduate-entry programs. Nine variables were considered, including students' age, gender, undergraduate grade point averages (UGPAs), Dental Education Eligibility Test (DEET) scores, oral exam, and interview selection scores. DEET is a standardized aptitude tes...

Owing to the development of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae, there is a need to develop chemical alternatives for use on mosquito nets. Synthetic insect repellents are widely used for personal protection as skin or clothing applications. The efficacy of repellent-treated nets (RTN) was evaluated in experimental huts in Côte d'Ivoire against pyrethroid-resistant populations of An. gam...

The insect repellent DEET (0.1% concentration), used as a mosquito oviposition deterrent in the laboratory, influenced the retention and maintenance of mature eggs by caged gravid female Aedes albopictus Skuse. This egg-retention mechanism could benefit survival because the gravid females were ultimately able to lay maintained eggs upon availability of water, but the length of forced egg-retent...

Concern about the deleterious effects associated with synthetic chemicals has revived interest to explore plants as a source of natural insecticides for mosquito control. Ethnobotanical studies conducted in Kenya on plant species including bush mint, Hyptis suaveolens Poit., showed that many of them repel mosquitoes effectively when burned overnight in rooms. Recent field works conducted with H...

Topical ethanol is used as a dermal penetration enhancer in some commercial products. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic ethanol consumption can also disrupt skin barrier function, leading to increased transdermal penetration. This observation becomes much more relevant if a single drinking episode induces similar changes. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the transderm...

Berbagai alternatif telah dilakukan untuk menghambat populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti penyebab penyakit demam berdarah, diantaranya penggunaan lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung DEET. Untuk mengurangi resiko dan dampak negatif dari DEET, maka salah satu upaya pemanfaatan minyak atsiri kenanga (Cananga odorata) sebagai repellent atau alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rendemen bunga kenanga,...

aqueous polyurethane dispersions (puds) have recently emerged as important alternatives to their solvent-based counterparts for various applications due to increasing health and environmental awareness (green chemistry). anionic polyester-polyurethane dispersions were synthesized by three steps. in the first step, macromonomer diisocyanate having carboxylic acid was prepared by isophorone diiso...

BACKGROUND Fleas are important vectors of human and animal disease, and control measures for protection against their bites and flea-borne diseases are necessary. METHODS The essential oils (EOs) of four native medicinal plants, Ziziphora tenuiore, Myrtus communis, Achillea wilhelmsii and Mentha piperita were isolated by hydrodistillation technique and analyzed by GC-MC. The repellent activit...

Toxicology studies are typically performed on single compounds, which we hypothesized would miss adverse synergies from chemical mixtures. This hypothesis was tested using an insect repellant and sunscreens because both groups include known permeation enhancers, with prior pediatric reports of toxicity from highly concentrated DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide). Using real-time mass spectroscopy in...